Association of Polymorphisms in RANK and RANKL Genes with Osteopenia in Arab Postmenopausal Women

Table 1

Characteristics of participants according to osteopenia status.

Parameters	Control	Osteopenia	values
	216	223
Anthropometrics
Age (years)			0.001
Age of menopause (years)	4.0 (2.0-7.0)	6.0 (3.0-10.0)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.26
WHR			0.99
Systolic BP (mmHg)			0.004
Diastolic BP (mmHg)			0.19
Glucose (mmol/l)			0.68
Insulin (ng/ml)	0.47 (0.31-0.68)	0.55 (0.32-0.98)	0.44
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)			0.15
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.6 (1.2-2.3)	1.6 (1.2-2.3)	0.77
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)			0.72
Bone turnover markers
-score (AP spine)	-0.3 (-0.7-0.3)	-1.7 (-2.1--1.2)	<0.001
-score (dual femur left)	0.7 (0.0-1.3)	-0.5 (-1.1-0.3)	<0.001
25(OH)D (nmol/l)	60.6 (35.4-82.7)	61.3 (38.8-89.2)	0.70
VDBP (μg/ml)	11.0 (5.9-46.6)	14.9 (4.7-54.5)	0.76
PTH (pg/ml)	11.0 (6.6-19.1)	15.4 (9.6-27.5)	0.004
DKK1 (ng/ml)	3.1 (1.98-4.1)	3.1 (2.1-3.8)	0.88
OPG (ng/ml)	0.72 (0.50-0.95)	0.78 (0.58-1.07)	0.14
OPN (ng/ml)	2.3 (1.3-3.4)	2.5 (1.4-3.4)	0.78
RANKL (pg/ml)	34.3 (20.6-66.3)	24.0 (18.5-39.4)	0.001
SOST (ng/ml)	1.4 (0.61-2.7)	1.6 (0.8-2.3)	0.95
Osteocalcin (ng/ml)	8.8 (2.9-13.1)	8.7 (3.4-14.0)	0.71
ß-Crosslap (ng/ml)	0.1 (0.0-0.1)	0.1 (0.0-0.1)	0.11
Total pyridinoline (ng/ml)	15.1 (7.0-31.3)	15.5 (7.5-29.4)	0.90
NTx (nmol/l)	49.1 (37.0-64.7)	55.9 (40.9-84.7)	0.06
Interleukins
IL6 (pg/ml)	7.5 (3.2-25.5)	12.1 (6.4-25.6)	0.013
IL1B (pg/ml)	1.6 (0.4-2.7)	2.0 (0.3-2.7)	0.39
IL4 (pg/ml)	7.7 (4.7-10.4)	6.5 (3.2-10.0)	0.15
Adipocytokines
Leptin (ng/ml)	16.9 (8.1-33.2)	19.7 (8.4-37.0)	0.38
TNF-α (pg/ml)	1.6 (1.1-2.3)	1.9 (1.4-2.6)	0.032
Growth factors
FGF23 (pg/ml)			0.30
TGF β (ng/ml)	41.2 (35.1-52.8)	38.4 (25.7-47.6)	0.06
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	17.8 (12.1-43.0)	12.8 (11.4-18.5)	0.29