Research Article
Cytokines and Chemokines Are Detectable in Swivel-Derived Exhaled Breath Condensate (SEBC): A Pilot Study in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Table 2
Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in SEBC (
).
| Cytokine/chemokine | Detection, (%) | Median (pg/mL) | Range (pg/mL) |
| IL-1β | 26 (93) | 0.12 | 0.00-13.71 | IL-2 | 0 | — | — | IL-4 | 26 (90) | 0.26 | 0.00-0.84 | IL-5 | 3 (10) | 0.00 | 0.00-0.60 | IL-6 | 15 (52) | 0.00 | 0.00-131.80 | IL-7 | 2 (7) | 0.00 | 0.00-9.37 | IL-8 | 27 (96) | 2.55 | 0.00-6448.00 | IL-10 | 24 (86) | 0.03 | 0.00-61.14 | IL-12 | 21 (72) | 0.04 | 0.00-7.36 | IL-13 | 1 (3) | 0.00 | 0.00-1.52 | IL-17 | 26 (90) | 1.30 | 0.00-4.75 | G-CSF | 2 (7) | 0.00 | 0.00-17.90 | IFN-γ | 12 (41) | 0.00 | 0.00-96.13 | MCP-1 | 25 (86) | 0.86 | 0.00-711.76 | MIP-1β | 16 (55) | 0.22 | 0.00-656.92 | TNF-α | 12 (41) | 0.00 | 0.00-15.51 |
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One result not available in immunoassay ( ). IL: interleukin; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN: interferon; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF: tumour necrosis factor. |