|
Author
Year
Country | Number
Cases
Controls | Mean age
Cases
Controls | Female/male
Cases
Controls | Sample type | 16S rRNA gene sequencing (including DNA extraction, sequenced region, sequencing platform, analysis platform, referred database) | Indices of microbial diversity | Major findings (compared with control) |
|
Cinek [21]
2018
Azerbaijan
Jordan
Nigeria
Sudan | 73
103 | 11.7 (7.8-13.7)
11.3 (8.1-13.7) | 37/33
51/52 | Fecal samples | PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit
V4 regions
Illumina MiSeq platform
Qiime
Silva database | Numbers of OTUs
Chao1 index
ACE index
Shannon index
Simpson index
Fisher index | ↑Escherichia
↓Eubacterium and Roseburia
↓Clostridium clusters IV or XIVa |
Higuchi [22]
2018
Brazil | 20
28 |
| 14/6
18/10 | Stool samples | PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit
V3-V4 regions
Illumina MiSeq platform
Mothur
RDP | Numbers of OTUs
Chao1 index | ↓Bifidobacterium and Roseburia
↑Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides rodentium, Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens |
Huang [23]
2018
China | 12
10 |
| 7/5
5/5 | Fecal samples | E.Z.N.A. Mag-Bind Soil DNA Kit
V3-V4 regions
Illumina MiSeq platform
Qiime
RDP | Numbers of OTUs
Chao index
Shannon index
Simpson index | ↑Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio
↓Faecalibacterium |
Leiva-Gea [24]
2018
Spain | 15
13 |
| 8/7
6/7 | Fecal samples | QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit
V2-V3 regions
454 platform
Qiime
Greengenes database | Shannon index
Chao index | ↓Microbiota diversity
↑Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Blautia, and Streptococcus
↓Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospira |
Salamon [25]
2018
Poland | 22
23 | 36 (31-47)
37 (31-48) | 16/6
16/7 | Fecal samples | Genomic Mini AX Stool Spin
V3-V4 regions
Illumina MiSeq platform
Qiime
Greengenes database | NA | The microbial diversity and/or composition of fecal samples in T1D did not differ significantly from those in controls |
de Groot [26]
2017
Netherlands | 53
50 |
| 25/28
24/26 | Fecal samples | Bead-beating protocol
V1-V2 regions
Illumina MiSeq platform
Qiime, Canoco 5, R-studio
Database not specified | Shannon index | ↑Bacteriodales, Christensenella, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae, and Chloroplast
↓Subdoligranulum, Streptococcus, Barnesiella, Haemophilus, Roseburia, and Rhodospirillales |
Pellegrini [27]
2017
Italy | 19
16 | 34 (6-65)
38 (10-56) | 9/10
9/7 | Biopsy samples | mirVana Kit
V3-V5 regions
454 platform
Qiime
Database not specified | Chao1 index | ↓Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes
↑Firmicutes
↑Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio
↑Streptococcus
↓Prevotella |
Stewart [28]
2017
UK | 10
10 |
| 0/10
0/10 | Fecal samples | PowerLyzer™ PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit
V4 regions
Illumina MiSeq platform
Mothur
Silva database | Shannon index | No significant difference was reported between the bacterial profiles or the Shannon diversity indices of T1D compared with controls |
Qi [29]
2016
China | 15
15 |
| 7/8
7/8 | Fecal samples | E.Z.N.A.®DNA Kit
V3-V4 regions
Illumina MiSeq Platform
Qiime
Silva database | Shannon index
Chao index | ↓Microbiota richness
↑Blautia
↓Haemophilus, Lachnospira, Pasteurellales, Pasteurellaceae, Intestinimonas, Micrococcales, Dialister, and Caulobacterales
↓Intestinimonas |
Mejia-Leon [30]
2014
Mexico | 21
8 |
| NA | Stool samples | QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit
V4 regions
454 platform
Qiime
RDP | Chao index | ↑Bacteroides
↓Prevotella, Megamonas, and Acidaminococcus |
|
