Diagnostic Accuracy of Procalcitonin Compared to C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin 6 in Recognizing Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection: A Meta-Analytic Study

Table 3

Diagnostic performance of CRP and IL-6.

Author	Year	Optimal cutoff	AUC (95% CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity	GN episodes	Total episodes
CRP in 7371 episodes
Bilgili [17]	2018	51.8	0.61 (0.512–0.716)	82.9	58.3	76	124
Brodska [18]	2013	86.2	0.705 (NR)	61.5	54.5	78	166
Fleischhack [21]	2000	50	NR (NR)	75.0	73.2	13	122
Fu [22]	2012	116	0.82 (NR)	82.6	75.0	23	43
Gao [23]	2017	74.65	0.953 (NR)	93.6	91.1	47	92
Koivula [24]	2011	100	NR (NR)	54.5	63.6	11	88
Li [27]	2016	59.25	0.678 (0.541–0.814)	74.7	65.7	158	298
Nakajima [30]	2014	475	0.738 (0.454-0.100	100.0	57.1	6	13
Prat [33]	2008	135	0.665 (0.475–0.856)	100.0	51.0	5	57
Shao [34]	2018	16	0.785 (NR)	62.7	87.0	170	379
Stoma [35]	2017	165	0.707 (0.564–0.825)	40.0	91.0	30	52
Xia [38]	2016	40	0.596 (0.527–0.666)	51.2	63.2	154	2819
Xu [39]	2019	90	0.557 (0.516–0.597)	44.7	80.0	217	3118
Pooled results with 95% CI (for CRP)			0.78 (0.74–0.81)	0.72 (0.59–0.81)	0.72 (0.63–0.79)
Pooled results with 95% CI (for PCT)			0.85 (0.81–0.87)	0.73 (0.63–0.81)	0.81 (0.76–0.85)
IL-6 in 3455 episodes
Fleischhack [21]	2000	20	NR (NR)	44.4	80.2	13	122
Fu [22]	2012	186.5	0.82 (NR)	82.6	80	23	43
Gao [23]	2017	171.65	0.925 (NR)	93.6	90.5	47	92
Shao [34]	2018	75.7	0.74 (NR)	78.2	69.6	170	379
Xia [38]	2016	279.4	0.686 (0.622-0.750)	56.9	75.4	154	2819
Pooled results with 95% CI (for IL-6)			0.83 (0.80-0.86)	0.76 (0.58–0.88)	0.79 (0.71–0.85)
Pooled results with 95% CI (for CRP)			0.85 (0.81–0.87)	0.75 (0.56–0.87)	0.80 (0.68–0.88)
Pooled results with 95% CI (for PCT)			0.87 (0.84–0.90)	0.80 (0.60–0.91)	0.82 (0.72–0.89)

mg/L for CRP and pg/mL for IL-6; AUC: area under receiver operating characteristic curve; GN: Gram-negative; NR: not reported.