Usefulness of Cathepsin S to Predict Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Biological parameters and CTSS plasma levels of the study population.
Parameters
Control ()
Non-OSA&T2D ()
OSA&non-T2D ()
OSA&T2D ()
value
FBG (mmol/L)
5.1 (4.9-5.3)
6.1 (4.9-6.7)
5.2 (5.0-5.6)
7.4 (6.0-9.5)£££
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
5.6 (5.4-6.0)
6.6 (6.1-7.3)
5.7 (5.3-5.9)
7.1 (6.5-8.5) £
<0.001
GPS (%)
13.7 (12.6-14.5)
17.4 (15.3-21.4)
12.8 (11.9-13.6)
17.6 (15.0-21.3)£££
<0.001
Duration of T2D (years)
/
24.0 (14.0-72.0)
/
36.0 (18.0-88.0)
0.462
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.6 (4.1-5.2)
4.1 (3.5-4.9)
5.2 (4.6-6.0)§§
4.6 (3.8-5.7)£
<0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
1.1 (0.8-1.8)
1.3 (0.9-1.4)
1.6 (1.2-2.2)§
1.7 (1.3-2.1)
0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.2 (1.1-1.4)
1.2 (1.0-1.6)
1.2 (1.0-1.3)
1.1 (0.9-1.3)
0.231
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.7 (2.3-3.2)
2.4 (1.7-3.3)
3.3 (2.9-3.9)§§
2.7 (2.1-3.5)£
<0.001
hs-CRP (mg/L)
0.8 (0.3-2.1)
2.0 (0.6-7.0)
1.3 (0.5-2.3)
1.7 (1.0-4.7)
0.018
Platelet (G/L)
216.5 (176.3-262.8)
228.0 (171.0-280.0)
226.0 (198.0-257.0)
212.0 (188.5-260.5)
0.777
Leukocyte (G/L)
5.6 (4.8-7.1)
6.3 (5.2-7.9)
6.1 (5.3-7.3)
6.9 (5.5-7.7)
0.289
Uric acid (μmol/L)
343.4 (294.5-397.3)
337.6 (257.4-386.4)
399.0 (330.8-484.3)§
393.9 (342.2-472.7)
0.001
ALT (U/L)
20.5 (12.8-31.3)
25.0 (20.0-41.0)
26.0 (16.0-36.5)
29.0 (16.5-43.5)
0.082
GGT (U/L)
23.0 (16.0-35.0)
28.5 (21.5-48.5)
31.5 (20.0-48.5)
41.5 (27.0-63.0)
0.004
Homocysteine (μmol/L)
10.2 (8.5-15.4)
12.7 (8.9-15.7)
12.0 (9.3-15.7)
10.7 (8.8-16.3)
0.857
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
4.7 (4.1-5.9)
5.9 (4.2-7.8)
5.0 (4.5-5.9)
5.0 (4.2-6.3)
0.354
Creatinine (μmol/L)
65.9 (54.1-74.8)
59.7 (58.4-64.2)
70.7 (60.8-78.9)
64.1 (57.3-76.4)
0.027
ALP (U/L)
73.0 (63.0-90.0)
72.0 (60.0-91.8)
72.0 (61.5-84.5)
78.0 (62.0-88.5)
0.919
AST (U/L)
20.0 (18.0-24.3)
21.0 (16.0-35.0)
22.0 (19.0-26.0)
22.0 (18.5-31.5)
0.522
Creatine kinase (U/L)
96.0 (70.0-121.0)
66.0 (54.0-85.5)
110.0 (70.0-145.0)
94.0 (71.0-128.5)
0.071
CTSS (ng/mL)
1.96 (1.35-3.78)
6.10 (3.37-8.01)
6.93 (5.73-8.18)§§§
8.37 (6.64-10.08)†
<0.001
Data are presented as median (interquartile range). ,, and between non-OSA&T2D and control. §§§,§§, and § between OSA&non-T2D and control. †††,††, and † between OSA&T2D and non-OSA&T2D. £££,££, and £ between OSA&T2D and OSA&non-T2D. OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; T2D: type 2 diabetes; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; GPS: glycosylated serum protein; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CTSS: cathepsin S.
