Noncoding RNAs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers

Table 2

Specific miRNAs with NAFLD development and progression in human patients.

Candidate biomarkers	Human		Stage/phase	Function	Approach	References
	Serum	Liver
miR-122	Upregulated	Downregulated	NAFLD/NASH/activated HSCs	Lipid metabolism, intestinal permeability, inflammation, fibrogenesis, proliferation	RT-qPCR; Illumina sequencing, miRNA PCR-based array	[123]
miR-192	Upregulated	Downregulated	NAFLD/NASH/activated HSCs/fibrosis	HSC activation	RT-qPCR; miRNAs PCR-based array	[123]
miR-34a	Upregulated	Upregulated	NAFLD/NASH/steatosis/activated HSCs/fibrosis	Inflammation	RT-qPCR; miRNAs PCR-based array	[123]
miR-1290	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH	Inflammation	RT-qPCR; Illumina sequencing	[105]
miR-27b-3p	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH	Inflammation	RT-qPCR; Illumina sequencing	[123]
miR-192-5p	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH	Inflammation	RT-qPCR; Illumina sequencing	[123]
miR-34a-5p	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH/NAFLD	Lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, useful miRNA biomarkers to discriminate between NAFLD and NASH patients	RT-qPCR	[44]
miR-375	Upregulated	Upregulated	NAFLD/NASH/fibrosis	Glucose homeostasis, intestinal permeability modulation, inflammation	RT-qPCR; miRNAs PCR-based array	[50]
miR-155	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH	Master regulator of inflammation	RT-qPCR	[124]
miR-125b	Upregulated	Upregulated	Steatosis/NASH/fibrosis	Lipid and glucose homeostasis, adipocyte differentiation, fibrogenesis	RT-qPCR	[50]
miR-33a/b	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH	Lipid and cholesterol metabolism, glucose homeostasis	RT-qPCR	[125]
miR-451	Upregulated	Downregulated	NASH/NAFLD	Inflammation	RT-qPCR	[126]
miR-155	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH	Lipid metabolism, intestinal permeability modulation, inflammation	RT-qPCR	[127]
miR-221	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH/fibrosis/HCC	HSC activation, fibrogenesis	RT-qPCR	[128]
miR-222	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH/fibrosis/HCC	HSC activation, fibrogenesis	RT-qPCR	[128]
miR-15	Upregulated	Downregulated	Fibrosis/HCC	HSC activation, proliferation, and metastasis	RT-qPCR	[129]
miR-16	Upregulated	Downregulated	Fibrosis/HCC	HSC activation, proliferation, and metastasis	RT-qPCR	[123]
miR-21	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH/fibrosis/HCC	Gut microbiota modulation, inflammation, proliferation	RT-qPCR	[130]
miR-22	Upregulated	Upregulated	NASH/fibrosis/HCC	Inflammation	RT-qPCR	[123]
miR-29	Upregulated	Upregulated	NAFLD/NASH/activated HSCs	Inflammation	RT-qPCR	[131]