Research Article
Catestatin as a New Prognostic Marker in Stable Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Two-Year Follow-Up
Table 2
Basic characteristics of the study group depending on end-point occurrence in the 24-month follow-up.
| | All () | End point (; 21.15%) | No end point (; 78.85%) | |
| | Age (years) | | | | 0.87 | | Men | 90.4% | 100% | 87.8% | 0.57 | | EF (%) | | | | 0.72 | | TAPSE (mm) | | | | 0.08 | | Ischaemic aetiology | 30.8% | 18.18% | 34.2% | 0.47 | | BMI (kg/m2) | | | | 0.31 | | NYHA class III | 25% | 18.18% | 26.8% | 0.71 | | DMT2 | 28.9% | 36.36% | 26.8% | 0.71 | | Insulin | 7.7% | 9.1% | 7.3% | 1.00 | | AHT | 34.6% | 9.1% | 41.5% | 0.07 | | AF | 38.5% | 36.4% | 68.3% | 0.08 | | ICD | 51.9% | 63.6% | 48.8% | 0.50 | | GFR>60 | 84.6% | 81.8% | 85.4% | 1.00 | | Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.96 (0.85-1.08) | 1.03 (0.96-1.22) | 0.99 (0.81-1.05) | 0.04 | | Hgb (g/dl) | 14.7 (14.05-15.4) | 14.8 (14.1-14.95) | 14.7 (14.1-15.4) | 0.85 | | HCT (%) | 43.55 (41.5-44.7) | 43.5 (42.65-45) | 43.6 (40.3-44.7) | 0.37 | | PLT (tys./mm3) | 205 (165-237.2) | 221 (149.5-268.5) | 201 (172-236) | 0.99 | | RDW (%) | 13.55 (13-14.1) | 13.7 (13.2-14.6) | 13.5 (13-14.1) | 0.50 | | WBC (tys./mm3) | 7.46 (5.95-8.65) | 7.7 (6.11-8.76) | 7.4 (5.68-8.41) | 0.52 | | Neutrocytes (%) | 56.15 (51.4-64.1) | 56.3 (51.9-65.85) | 56 (51.1-62) | 0.82 | | Hs-CRP (mg/l) | 1.10 (0.75-2.46) | 2.16 (0.81-2.27) | 0.96 (0.71-2.72) | 0.90 | | TnTpre (μg/l) | 0.012 (0.008-0.016) | 0.014 (0.01-0.02) | 0.011 (0.008-0.016) | 0.12 | | TnT post (μg/l) | 0.012 (0.009-0.018) | 0.013 (0.01-0.019) | 0.012 (0.008-0.016) | 0.30 | | TnT δ% | 12.3 (4.57-18.35) | 13.5 (7.5-17.65) | 11.1 (3.9-18.2) | 0.51 | | NT-proBNPpre(pg/ml) | 441.5 (181-108) | 758 (472.5-112) | 373 (175-705) | 0.11 | | NT-proBNPpost (pg/ml) | 442 (208-1280) | 955 (512-1380) | 403 (189-876) | 0.10 | | NT-proBNP δ% | 0 (0-8,3) | 0 (-6.25-1.9) | 0 (0-8.3) | 0.28 | | V02max/VO2peak (l/kg/min) | | | | 0.88 | | VE/VC02 (%) | | | | 0.41 | | OUES | | | | 0.05 | | RER | | | | 0.67 | | CST pre (ng/ml) | 15.95 (13.89-18.8) | 14.23 (11.05-15.82) | 16.86 (14.25-19.46) | 0.03 | | CST post (ng/ml) | 7.04 (4.97-11.08) | 4.81 (2.20-6.25) | 7.82 (5.81-63.48) | 0.002 | | CST δ% | -148 (71-181) | -254 (161-314) | -124 (-71-164) | 0.002 | | ACEi | 78.9% | 72.7% | 80.5% | 0.68 | | ARB | 23.1% | 27.3% | 22% | 0.70 | | Statin | 82.7% | 90.9% | 80.5% | 0.66 | | Beta-bloker | 100% | 100% | 100% | - | | ASA | 40.4% | 18.2% | 46.3% | 0.17 | | Digoxin | 7.7% | 9.1% | 7.3% | 1.00 | | Spironolakton | 44.2% | 54.6% | 41.5% | 0.51 | | Eplerenon | 59.6% | 54.6% | 61% | 0.74 | | Iwabradyna | 11.5% | 27.3% | 7.3% | 0.10 | | VKA | 34.6% | 72.7% | 24.4% | 0.0048 | | NonVKA | 5.8% | 0% | 7.3% | 1.00 | | Amiodaron | 7.7% | 18.2% | 4.9% | 0.19 | | Furosemid | 25% | 27.3% | 24.4% | 1.00 | | Torasemid | 36.5% | 54.6% | 31.7% | 0.18 | | Hydrochlorotiazyd | 15.4% | 0 (0%) | 19.5% | 0.18 |
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EF: ejection fraction; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; BMI: body mass index; DMT2: diabetes mellitus type 2; AHT: atrial hypertension; AF: atrial fibrillation; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; Hgb: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; PLT: platelets; RDW: red cell distribution width; WBC: white blood cells; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TnTpre: cardiac troponin T (concentration assessed before physical exertion); TnTpost: concentration assessed immediately after physical exertion; TnT δ%: variability of TnT concentration under the influence of physical effort; NT-proBNP: N-terminal proBNP; VO2max: maximal oxygen consumption; V02peak: peak oxygen uptake; OUES: oxygen uptake efficiency slope; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; CST: catestatin; ACEi: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; VKA: vitamin K antagonists; nonVKA: nonvitamin K antagonist. Statistically significant results are marked in italics. The results in the tables are presented as follows: . . |
