Cardiopulmonary Bypass Induces Acute Lung Injury via the High-Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Pathway

Figure 5

Knocking down TLR4 reduced CPB-induced acute lung injury in rat models. The histological changes of I/R lung injury induced by CPB were evaluated by H&E staining in comparisons of the (a) control vs. (b) CPB, (c) shNT vs. (d) shNT+CPB, and (e) shTLR4 vs. (f) shTLR4+CPB. The number of neutrophils, interstitial width, and lung injury score were quantified and are shown in the different groups (g). Compared with the control group, the CPB-only and shNT+CPB groups showed histologic features of lung injury and increased lung injury scores. In the shTLR4+CPB group, however, lung injury was decreased, and the lung injury scores were lower than those in the CPB-only group. The concentrations of (h) IL-1β and (i) TNF-α were evaluated by ELISAs. The reduction of TLR4 by shTLR4 attenuated the CPB-induced increase in the IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Data are represented as the , per group. and vs. control; ⁺⁺ vs. CPB only.

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