|
| Condition | Potential exosomal biomarker | Study subjects | Reference |
|
| Medullary sponge kidney | vs. idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis | Blood FCN1 and C4BPB proteins ↑; blood MASP2 protein ↓ | 15 pts-15 ctrs | [87] |
| vs. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease | Mainly urinary CD133 ↓, among 34 discriminative urinary EV proteins | 15 pts-15 ctrs | [88] |
|
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease | Urinary periplakin, envoplakin, villin-1, and complement C3 and C9 ↑, among 30 proteins | 34 pts-32 ctrs | [84] |
| Urinary PC1/TMEM2 or PC2/TMEM2 ↓ | 13 pts-18 ctrs | [83] |
|
| Diabetic nephropathy | vs. minimal change nephrotic syndrome | Urinary WT1 mRNA ↑ | 20 pts-5 ctrs | [49] |
|
| Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity | Blood MT1DP lncRNA ↑ | 100 persons | [107] |
|
| Idiopathic membranous nephropathy | Blood and urinary MUC3A circRNA and various snoRNAs ↑ | 10 pts-10 ctrs | [70] |
|
| Pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome | Urinary miR-194-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-30a-5p ↑ | 129 pts-126 ctrs | [66] |
|
| Pediatric primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | vs. minimal change disease | Urinary miR-193a | 13 pts | [67] |
|
| IgA nephropathy | vs. thin basement membrane nephropathy | Urinary miR-215-5p and miR-378i ↑; urinary miR-29c and miR-205-5p ↓ | 18 pts-18 ctrs | [73] |
| Urinary aminopeptidase N, vasorin precursor, α-1-antitrypsin, and ceruloplasmin ↑ | 12 pts-7 ctrs | [74] |
|
| Acute rejection | vs. BK nephropathy or chronic allograft injury | Urinary CLCA1, PROS1, KIAA0753, and ApoM ↑ | 30 pts-20 ctrs | [64] |
|
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | vs. steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome | Urinary WT-1 ↑ | 25 pts-5 ctrs | [68] |
|
| Bartter syndrome type 1 | Urinary NKCC2 protein ↓ | 2 pts | [91] |
|
