Research Article
Continued Elevation of Plasma IL-4 and IL-17 Predicts the Progression from VMC to DCM
Table 1
Comparison of baseline clinical, morphometric, and laboratory parameters between without and with DCM according to treatment response.
| | All patients | Subgroups | value | | With follow-up () | Without DCM
() | With DCM
() |
| | Age (yrs), | | | | <0.0001 | | Male (%) | 296 (55.43%) | 211 (51.84%) | 85 (66.93%) | 0.0028 | | VMC subtype | | | | <0.0001 | | Acute severe type | 81 (15.17%) | 35 (8.6%) | 46 (36.22%) | | | Heart failure type | 139 (26.03%) | 77 (18.92%) | 62 (48.82%) | | | Arrhythmia type | 215 (40.26%) | 211 (51.84%) | 4 (3.15%) | | | Subclinical type | 99 (18.54%) | 84 (20.64%) | 15 (11.81%) | | | NYHA III–IV | 145 (27.90%) | 70 (17.20%) | 79 (62.2%) | <0.0001 | | ECG with arrhythmia | 418 (78.28%) | 303 (74.20%) | 116 (91.3%) | <0.0001 | | ECG with ST-T changes | 252 (47.01%) | 153 (37.41%) | 99 (77.95%) | <0.0001 | | Echocardiogram | | | | | | Left atrium (cm) | | | | <0.0001 | | Right atrium (cm) | | | | <0.0001 | | Left ventricle (cm) | | | | <0.0001 | | Right ventricle (cm) | | | | 0.1946 | | LVEF (%) | | | | <0.0001 | | 110 (30.47%) | 88 (29.04%) | 22 (37.93%) | 0.156 | | Laboratory | | | | | | WBC (G/L) | | | | 0.9646 | | ALT (U/L) | 26.5 (16-48.05) | 26.0 (15.0-43.0) | 32.6 (19.0-68.0) | 0.0122 | | Cr (μmol/L) | 71.7 (57.3-86.2) | 70.0 (56.0-82.3) | 80.0 (65.3-99.0) | <0.0001 | | Coxsackievirus B5-IgM | 357 (66.85%) | 247 (60.69%) | 110 (86.61%) | <0.0001 | | Coxsackievirus B3-IgM | 344 (64.42%) | 230 (56.51%) | 114 (89.76%) | <0.0001 | | Cytomegalovirus-IgM | 269 (50.37%) | 166 (40.79%) | 103 (81.1%) | <0.0001 | | Enterovirus RNA | 351 (65.73%) | 238 (58.48%) | 113 (88.98%) | <0.0001 | | Anti-ANT antibody | 433 (81.09%) | 311 (76.41%) | 122 (96.06%) | <0.0001 | | Anti-MHC antibody | 224 (41.95%) | 135 (33.17%) | 89 (70.08%) | <0.0001 | | Anti-β1R antibody | 287 (53.75%) | 196 (48.16%) | 91 (71.65%) | <0.0001 | | Anti-CaC antibody | 263 (49.25%) | 172 (42.26%) | 91 (71.65%) | <0.0001 | | CK-MB (ng/mL) | 13.8 (3.9-28) | 14 (4-30) | 13 (1.7-17) | 0.1013 | | TNI-T (ng/mL) | 0.05 (0-0.9) | 0.05 (0-1.03) | 0.02 (0.01-0.16) | 0.4629 | | NT-pro-BNP (pg/mL) | 300 (55.8-2186) | 189.9 (35.0-1691.0) | 1462.3 (229.0-3042.0) | <0.0001 | | IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 79.24 (12.99-106.33) | 76.48 (11.00 -105.56) | 96.95 (80.70 -122.57) | 0.0165 | | IL-4 (pg/mL) | 45.29 (28.14-64.11) | 38.24 (20.91 -55.98) | 84.25 (59.20 -103.74) | <0.0001 | | IL-17 (pg/mL) | 21.19 (14.73-41.88) | 19.44 (12.68 -25.11) | 38.81 (30.42 -50.42) | <0.0001 | | Medications | | | | | | Astragalus membranaceus | 213 (39.89%) | 162 (39.80%) | 51 (40.16%) | 0.9433 | | CoQ10 | 296 (55.43%) | 229 (56.27%) | 67 (52.76%) | 0.4873 | | Vitamin C | 205 (38.46%) | 162 (39.90%) | 43 (33.86%) | 0.2218 | | ACEIs/ARBs | 114 (21.35%) | 87 (21.38%) | 27 (21.26%) | 0.9778 | | Beta blocker | 218 (40.82%) | 175 (43.00%) | 43 (33.86%) | 0.0673 | | Amiodarone | 28 (5.24%) | 20 (4.91%) | 8 (6.30%) | 0.5409 |
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and proportions of characteristics at baseline were estimated by incident DCM status. With , compared to without DCM. |
