| | Characteristics | SLE-PAH () | SLE without PAH () | value |
| | Female sex, (%) | 15 (88%) | 31 (91%) | 0.625 | | Age, | | | 0.751 | | Pleural effusion, (%) | 2 (6.7%) | 7 (4.7%) | 0.646 | | Raynaud’s phenomenon, (%) | 17 (56.7%) | 48 (32.0%) | 0.010 | | Oral ulcer, (%) | 4 (13.3%) | 26 (17.3%) | 0.592 | | Alopecia, (%) | 8 (26.7%) | 66 (44.0%) | 0.078 | | Rash, (%) | 9 (30.0%) | 50 (33.3%) | 0.723 | | Pericardial effusion, (%) | 6 (20.0%) | 2 (1.3%) | ≈0.00 | | Lupus nephritis, (%) | 5 (16.7%) | 30 (20.0%) | 0.674 | | Cytopenia, (%) | 3 (10.0%) | 6 (4.0%) | 0.169 | | Elevated ESR, (%) | 19 (63.3%) | 80 (53.3%) | 0.315 | | Low C3, (%) | 26 (86.7%) | 114 (76.0%) | 0.200 | | Low C4, (%) | 23 (76.7%) | 103 (68.7%) | 0.383 | | Anti-dsDNA antibody, (%) | 18 (60.0%) | 62 (41.3%) | 0.060 | | LA, (%) | 24 (80.0%) | 66 (44.0%) | ≈0.00 | | ACA, (%) | 17 (56.7%) | 13 (8.7%) | ≈0.00 | | Conjunctival microvasculation | | | | | Ischemic areas, (%) | 6 (35.3%) | 5 (14.7%) | 0.042 | | Reticulum deformity, (%) | 4 (23.5%) | 13 (38.2) | 0.233 | | Microangioma, (%) | 8 (47.1%) | 7 (41.2) | 0.101 | | Twisting, (%) | 16 (94.1%) | 27 (79.4) | 0.242 | | Dilation, (%) | 8 (47.1%) | 24 (70.6) | 0.131 | | Wound spot, (%) | 13 (76.5) | 17 (50) | 0.081 | | Hemorrhage, (%) | 5 (29.4%) | 6 (17.6) | 0.472 |
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