The Roles of Liver Inflammation and the Insulin Signaling Pathway in PM2.5 Instillation-Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

Table 3

(a) Serum concentrations of ALT, AST, TBIL, IL-6, and TNF-α in rats ()

	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	TBIL (μmol/L)	IL-6 (pg/mL)	TNF-α (pg/mL)
Control group
0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group
2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^ab	^a		^ab	^a
5 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^abc	^abc	^abc	^ab	^abc
10 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^abcd	^abcd	^abcd	^abc	^abcd
	58.359	32.314	38.886	12.346	14.832
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.05	<0.05	<0.001

Note: compared to the control group, ^a; compared to the 0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^b; compared to the 2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^c; compared to the 5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^d.

(b) Changes in liver IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in rats ()

	IL-6	TNF-α
Control group
0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group
2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group		^ab
5 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^abc	^abc
10 mg/kg PM2.5 group	^abcd	^abcd
	23.527	29.364
	<0.001	<0.001

Note: compared to the control group, ^a; compared to the 0.75 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^b; compared to the 2.5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^c; compared to the 5 mg/kg PM2.5 group, ^d.