Research Article
Association of Myocardial Enzyme Abnormality with Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study
Table 1
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of patients on admission.
| | Normal range | Total () | Cardiac enzyme abnormality () | Without cardiac enzyme abnormality () | | value |
| | Demographics and clinical characteristics | | Age, y | | 48 (34-64) | 57 (43-67) | 36 (31-48.5) | -5.708 | <0.001 | | Sex (men) | | 83 (52.9%) | 52 (62.7%) | 31 (41.9%) | 6.766 | 0.009 | | Fever | | 113 (72.0%) | 60 (72.3%) | 53 (71.6%) | 0.009 | 0.926 | | Cough | | 90 (57.3%) | 46 (55.4%) | 44 (59.5%) | 0.261 | 0.61 | | Chest pain/tightness | | 58 (36.9%) | 29 (34.9%) | 29 (39.2%) | 0.303 | 0.582 | | Respiratory rate | | 20.7 (2.8) | 21.3 (3.7) | 20.0 (0.8) | | 0.004 | | Systolic pressure | 90-140 mm Hg | 126.5 (117-138) | 131.5 (120-140) | 122.5 (115-130) | -3.046 | 0.002 | | Diastolic pressure | 60-90 mm Hg | 78 (72-88.75) | 79 (70-90) | 78 (74-87) | -0.027 | 0.978 | | Comorbidities | | Hypertension | | 38 (24.2%) | 27 (32.5%) | 11 (14.9%) | 6.655 | 0.01 | | Diabetes | | 17 (10.8%) | 15 (18.1%) | 2 (2.7%) | 9.571 | 0.002 | | Other CVD | | 22 (14.0%) | 13 (15.7%) | 9 (12.2%) | 0.398 | 0.528 | | CPD | | 8 (5.1%) | 7 (8.4%) | 1 (1.4%) | 4.058 | 0.044 | | With more than two comorbidities | | 23 (14.6%) | 19 (22.9%) | 5 (6.8%) | 7.865 | 0.005 | | Laboratory findings | | Blood routine tests | | White blood cell | 3.5-9.5 109/L | 5.31 (4.32-7.11) | 6.13 (4.52-8.73) | 4.91 (3.9-6.1) | -3.59 | <0.001 | | Neutrophil | 1.8-6.3 109/L | 5.25 (3.3-8.3) | 4.6 (2.87-7.46) | 2.74 (1.99-3.77) | -5.282 | <0.001 | | Lymphocyte | 1.1-3.2 109/L | 1.23 (0.88-1.64) | 1 (0.61-1.31) | 1.43 (1.13-1.82) | -5.25 | <0.001 | | Platelet count | 125-350 109/L | 196 (154-246) | 196 (153.5-260) | 198 (153.5-236) | -0.188 | 0.851 | | Haemoglobin | 130-175 g/L | 125 (115-138) | 121 (110-138) | 126 (117-139) | -1.62 | 0.105 | | Monocyte count | 0.1-0.6 109/L | 0.37 (0.27-0.54) | 0.36 (0.26-0.55) | 0.39 (0.29-0.53) | -0.799 | 0.424 | | Blood glucose and lipids | | FBG | 4.1-5.9 mmol/L | 4.99 (4.58-6.1) | 5.75 (4.82-6.47) | 4.93 (4.49-5.26) | -3.185 | 0.001 | | Total cholesterol | <5.2 mmol/L | 3.95 (0.88) | 3.82 (1.05) | 4.05 (0.73) | | 0.22 | | Triglyceride | <1.7 mmol/L | 1.21 (0.9-1.52) | 1.2 (0.93-1.76) | 1.23 (0.89-1.47) | -0.591 | 0.555 | | HDL | 1.16-1.42 mmol/L | 0.99 (0.8-1.27) | 0.9 (0.71-1.21) | 1.05 (0.85-1.29) | -2.091 | 0.036 | | LDL | 2.7-3.1 mmol/L | 2.33 (0.69) | 2.22 (0.83) | 2.41 (0.57) | | 0.18 | | Inflammatory markers and cytokines | | CRP | <8 mg/L | 10.8 (3.39-35.78) | 31.87 (8-77.83) | 4.55 (3.14-11.38) | -6.588 | <0.001 | | Procalcitonin | <0.5 μg/L | 0.13 (0.13-0.20) | 0.15 (0.13-0.49) | 0.13 (0.07-0.15) | -5.242 | <0.001 | | SAA | <10 mg/L | 37.7 (6.6-403.95) | 329.6 (28.7-674.8) | 13.65 (3.93-32.83) | -5.326 | <0.001 | | ESR | <20 mm/h | 19 (9-35.5) | 51 (23-64) | 13 (6.75-22.25) | -5.598 | <0.001 | | IL-6 | 0.12-2.9 ng/L | 6.92 (3.54-18.39) | 14.96 (6.35-29.18) | 4.5 (3.02-9.17) | -4.912 | <0.001 | | IL-10 | 0.1-5 ng/L | 3.83 (3.09-5.24) | 5.05 (3.64-6.23) | 3.45 (2.9-4.29) | -4.832 | <0.001 | | Cardiac markers | | CK | 138-174 U/L | 62 (41.25-120.75) | 99 (52-222.25) | 46.5 (33.75-67) | -5.743 | <0.001 | | LDH | 109-245 U/L | 233 (180.5-357) | 353 (268-510) | 179.5 (160.7-203.2) | -9.962 | <0.001 | | TNI | <26.2 μg/L | 4.8 (1.2-18) | 9.2 (4.7-119.4) | 2.3 (0.3-4.2) | -5.207 | <0.001 | | CK-MB | 0-24 μg/L | 1.5 (0.325-15) | 2.1 (0.65-15.5) | 0.4 (0.2-15) | -2.404 | 0.016 | | Liver and renal function | | ALT | 5-40 U/L | 26 (17.5-48.5) | 36 (20.5-57) | 21.5 (15-41.75) | -3.466 | 0.001 | | AST | 8-40 U/L | 26 (20-41) | 33 (25-56.5) | 22 (17.25-27.75) | -5.522 | <0.001 | | ALP | 40-150 U/L | 63 (50-80) | 66 (50.5-88) | 56 (50-72.5) | -2.122 | 0.034 | | γ-Transglutaminase | 11-50 U/L | 23 (14-43.5) | 31 (18.5-57.5) | 16 (12-33.5) | -4.053 | <0.001 | | Total bilirubin | 5.1-19 μmol/L | 10.25 (8-13.78) | 12.05 (8.6-15.3) | 9.15 (7.38-11.68) | -3.307 | 0.001 | | Urea nitrogen | 2.9-8.2 mmol/L | 4 (3.19-5.57) | 4.45 (3.19-8.31) | 3.81 (3.18-4.76) | -2.557 | 0.011 | | Creatinine | 46-92 μmol/L | 68.2 (58.05-81.6) | 69.55 (58.13-90.9) | 66.3 (57.3-76.8) | -1.754 | 0.079 | | Uric acid | 149-369 μmol/L | 264.7 (200.7-335.9) | 256.4 (195.03-335.48) | 281.1 (208.3-345.2) | -1.055 | 0.292 | | Clinical typing and outcome | | Severe | | 42 (26.8%) | 40 (48.2%) | 2 (2.7%) | 41.314 | <0.001 | | Nonsevere | | 115 (73.2%) | 43 (51.8%) | 72 (97.3%) | | | Death | | 18 (11.5%) | 18 (21.7%) | 0 | | <0.001 | | Discharge | | 139 (88.5%) | 65 (78.3%) | 74 (100%) | |
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CVD: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; CPD: chronic pulmonary disease; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAA: serum amyloid A; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; TNI: cardiac troponin I; CK-MB: creatine kinase-myocardial band; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase. Continuous variables were presented as mean (standard deviation (SD)). Other continuous variables were presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)). |
