Association of Myocardial Enzyme Abnormality with Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Table 3

Risk factors associated with in-hospital death.

	Univariable OR (95% CI)	value	Multivariable OR (95% CI)	value
Clinical characteristics
Age, years	1.128 (1.07-1.189)	<0.001	1.143 (1.009-1.295)	0.035
Female sex (vs. male)	0.618 (0.23-1.664)	0.341	1.091 (0.108-11.007)	0.941
Respiratory rate	1.325 (1.138-1.542)	<0.001	—	—
Chest pain/tightness#	1.28 (0.483-3.392)	0.620	—	—
Underlying comorbidities#	4.787 (1.705-13.438)	0.003	0.561 (0.035-9.02)	0.683
Laboratory findings
Platelets	0.977 (0.966-0.988)	<0.001	—	—
Neutrophils	1.415 (1.207-1.658)	<0.001	—	—
WBC	1.315 (1.142-1.514)	<0.001	—	—
IL-6	1.018 (1.006-1.031)	0.004	—	—
IL-10	1.229 (0.991-1.524)	0.060	—
CRP	1.031 (1.018-1.045)	<0.001	1.026 (1.001-1.052)	0.038
SAA	1.003 (1-1.005)	0.034	—	—
ESR	1.031 (1.006-1.057)	0.017	—	—
Procalcitonin	1.654 (1.093-2.504)	0.017	—	—
ALP	1.014 (1.004-1.023)	0.004	—	—
ALT	0.998 (0.987-1.009)	0.683	—	—
AST	1.007 (1.002-1.013)	0.009	—	—
γ-Transglutaminase	1.002 (0.995-1.01)	0.500	—	—
Total bilirubin	1.062 (1.006-1.121)	0.030	—	—
Direct bilirubin	1.069 (1-1.142)	0.049	—	—
Total bile acid	1.066 (0.976-1.165)	0.158	—	—
Urea nitrogen	1.714 (1.339-2.149)	<0.001	—	—
Creatinine	1.004 (0.999-1.009)	0.085	—	—
EGFR	0.952 (0.932-0.972)	<0.001	—	—
CK	1.002 (1.001-1.004)	0.003	—	—
LDH	1.004 (1.002-1.007)	<0.001	—	—
TNI	1.009 (1.002-1.017)	0.014	1.018 (1.001-1.035)	0.036
Disease severity
Severe vs. common	2.621 (1.342-5.117)	0.005	—	—

OR: odds ratio; WBC: white blood cell; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAA: serum amyloid A; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; EGFR: glomerular filtration rate; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; TNI: cardiac troponin I. Per 1 unit increase. #Present vs. not present.