Elevated Serum Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol May Increase the Risk and Severity of Coronary Heart Disease and Predict Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Baseline characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients.

Variables	Total	CHD group	Non-CHD group	value
(%)	3684	2220 (60.26%)	1464 (39.74%)	—
Age (years)				0.296
Male (%)	2152 (58.41%)	1324 (59.64%)	828 (56.56%)	0.422
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.203
Glucose (mmol/L)				0.082
HbA1c (%)				0.089
ApoB (mg/dL)				<0.001
ApoA1 (mg/dL)				<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.44 (1.33)	4.46 (1.72)	4.41 (0.98)	0.737
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.32 (0.88)	1.32 (0.82)	1.32 (0.94)	0.987
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.02 (0.46)	0.86 (0.29)	1.31 (0.39)	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.71 (0.95)	2.87 (1.35)	2.61 (0.61)	<0.001
Lp(a) (nmol/L)	39.25 (39.75)	39.71 (48.37)	38.09 (33.46)	0.576
hs-CRP (mg/L)	2.10 (2.31)	3.10 (2.90)	1.63 (1.56)	0.028
HCY (mumol/L)	11.06 (7.74)	11.99 (10.22)	9.55 (5.53)	<0.001
sdLDL-C (mmol/L)	0.74 (0.37)	0.80 (0.49)	0.70 (0.30)	<0.001

Data are reported as the or (%), median (interquartile ranges). SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; apoB: apolipoprotein B; apoA1: apolipoprotein A1; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a): lipoprotein (a); hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; HCY: homocysteine; sdLDL-C: small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statistical analysis was performed with the ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and with chi-squared test for categorical variables.