Elevated Serum Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol May Increase the Risk and Severity of Coronary Heart Disease and Predict Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 3

Baseline characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients with Gensini score of coronary heart disease patients.

Variables	Low GS	Intermediate GS	High GS	value
(%)	724 (32.62%)	768 (34.59%)	728 (32.79%)	—
Age (years)				0.776
Male (%)	420 (58.01%)	464 (60.42%)	440 (60.44%)	0.744
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.540
Glucose (mmol/L)				0.181
HbA1c (%)				0.197
ApoB (mg/dL)				0.006
ApoA1 (mg/dL)				0.412
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.37 (1.40)	4.49 (1.41)	4.73 (1.83)	0.012
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.32 (0.76)	1.25 (0.66)	1.37 (0.83)	0.332
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.88 (0.33)	0.86 (0.30)	0.84 (0.24)	0.698
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.77 (1.04)	2.89 (1.07)	3.09 (1.45)	0.026
Lp(a) (nmol/L)	38.54 (40.71)	40.09 (45.17)	41.17 (51.39)	0.664
hs-CRP (mg/L)	3.40 (7.08)	4.55 (11.32)	4.06 (8.39)	0.476
HCY (mumol/L)	11.35 (10.15)	12.27 (9.29)	12.69 (11.79)	0.045
sdLDL-C (mmol/L)	0.71 (0.29)	0.80 (0.27)	0.91 (0.53)	<0.001

Data are reported as the or (%), median (interquartile ranges). SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; apoB: apolipoprotein B; apoA1: apolipoprotein A1; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a): lipoprotein (a); hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; HCY: homocysteine; sdLDL-C: small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statistical analysis was performed with the ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and with chi-squared test for categorical variables.