Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulate Bladder Cancer Invasion and Metabolic Phenotypes through Autophagy

Figure 2

(a, b) Autophagy in hFF cells was induced or inhibited by rapamycin or siAtg5, respectively, and detected by Western blot: Beclin-1 and LC3-II/I levels were both increased after the induction by rapamycin, while decreased after the inhibition by siAtg5. Additionally, rapamycin administration inhibited the expression of AKT/p-AKT/mTOR/p-mTOR, while siAtg5 treatment took little effect on the expression of AKT/mTOR and their phosphorylation levels; (c) immunofluorescence imaging indicated that CD34 expression (green) in hFFs was downregulated in rapamycin- or siAth5-treated groups compared with the control group; DAPI was used to visualize nuclei (blue).

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