Handgrip Strength and Vitamin D as Predictors of Liver Fibrosis and Malnutrition in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Table 3

Association of malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, handgrip strength, muscle mass, and other related liver fibrosis markers with the presence of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in CHC.

Variables	Significant fibrosis ()		value	Cirrhosis ()		value
	F0–F1	F2–F4		F0–F3	F4
AST (IU/mL)			0.001			0.001
ALT (IU/mL)			0.001			0.001
INR			0.001			0.001
Platelets (109/L)			0.001			0.001
HYP (lg/mL)			0.001			0.001
HA (ng/mL)			0.001			0.001
FN (ng/mL)			0.001			0.001
APRI			0.001			0.001
Hyp index			0.001			0.001
FNPRI index			0.001			0.001
HAPRI			0.001			0.001
Vitamin 25 (OH)D (ng/mL)			0.001			0.001
PTH (pg/mL)			0.001			0.001
Dietary vitamin D intake (IU/d)			0.001			0.001
Dietary Ca intake (mg/d)			0.001			0.001
Diet score			0.001			0.001
SGA
A (well nourished)	6	12	0.001	15	0	0.001
B (moderately malnourished)	7	23		16	11
C (severely malnourished)	5	27		24	14
Handgrip (kg)
Right hand			0.001			0.001
Left hand
Muscle mass scores
MAC (in cm)			0.001			0.001
TSF (in mm)
MAMC (in mm)

SD: standard deviation; APRI: AST to platelet ratio index; Hyp index: hydroxyproline to platelet ratio index; HAPRI: HA to platelet ratio index; FNPRI: FN to platelet ratio index; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; MAC: midarm circumference in cm; TSF: triceps skin fold thickness in mm; MAMC: midarm muscle circumference in mm; CHC patients: chronic hepatitis C patients; HYP: hydroxyproline; HA: hyaluronic acid; FN: fibronectin; SGA: subjective global assessment; A: well nourished; B: moderately malnourished; C: severely malnourished; INR: international normalized ratio of prothrombin. Student’s -test was used followed by Mann–Whitney test. values at <0.05 are considered statistically significant.