Pentraxin 3 and the TyG Index as Two Novel Markers to Diagnose NAFLD in Children

Table 1

General subject data.

Variable	NAFLD patients	Healthy controls	value
	()	()
Age (years)	10 (9, 11)	10 (7, 12)	0.205^b
Male (%)	43 (67.2)	32 (50.0)	0.072^c
Overweight and obese (%)	62 (96.9)	19 (29.6)	<0.001^c
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.8 (23.4, 28.3)	17.8 (17.1, 18.4)	<0.001^b
BMI z-score	0.71 (0.26, 1.20)	-0.80 (-0.94, -0.69)	<0.001^b
ALT (U/l)	61.0 (19.5, 145.0)	13.5 (10.0, 16.0)	<0.001^b
AST (U/L)	31.0 (19.3, 65.0)	23.0 (18.0, 25.8)	<0.001^b
GGT (U/L)	33.5 (19.0, 63.3)	12.0 (9.3, 14.8)	<0.001^b
FPG (mmol/l)	5.0 (4.7, 5.2)	4.9 (4.3, 5.2)	0.115^b
Fasting insulin (mU/l)	16.3 (11.3, 26.6)	9.7 (7.2, 12.3)	<0.001^b
TC (mmol/l)	4.2 (3.5, 4.7)	4.2 (3.8, 4.6)	0.989^b
TG (mmol/l)	1.2 (1.0, 1.8)	0.8 (0.7, 1.1)	<0.001^b
HDL-C (mmol/l)	1.1 (1.0, 1.2)	1.3 (0.9, 1.6)	0.031^b
LDL-C (mmol/l)	2.6 (2.0, 3.0)	2.3 (1.9, 2.7)	0.046^b
ApoA1 (g/l)			0.757^a
ApoB (g/l)	0.8 (0.6, 1.0)	0.7 (0.6, 0.8)	0.061^b
Uria acid (μmol/l)	371.5 (336.0, 468.5)	289.0 (266.0, 315.8)	<0.001^b
PTX-3 (ng/ml)	2.52 (1.60, 4.48)	1.57 (1.19, 2.12)	<0.001^b
HOMA-IR	3.6 (2.2, 5.5)	1.0 (0.7, 1.7)	<0.001^b
TyG			<0.001^a

a = Student’s -test; b = Mann–Whitney -test; c = Pearson’s chi-square test. Data are expressed as , median (25th–75th interquartile range), or number of cases (%), as appropriate. BMI: body mass index; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; PTX-3: pentraxin-3; TyG: triglyceride-glucose.