Diaphragm Thickening Fraction as a Prognostic Imaging Marker for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Requiring the Trendelenburg Position and Pneumoperitoneum

Table 2

Preoperative and intraoperative data.

Variables	All patients ()	Non-PPC group ()	PPC group ()	value
Age (years)	67.2 ± 6.3	67.0 ± 6.7	67.9 ± 5.2	0.418
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.8 ± 2.6	24.8 ± 2.7	24.9 ± 2.4	0.912
ASA physical status				0.637
2	119 (82.1)	85 (81.0)	34 (85.0)
3	26 (17.9)	20 (19.0)	6 (15.0)
Hypertension	61 (42.1)	46 (43.8)	15 (37.5)	0.492
Diabetes mellitus	20 (13.8)	15 (14.3)	5 (12.5)	0.800
Cerebrovascular disease	10 (6.9)	9 (8.6)	1 (2.5)	0.285
Coronary artery disease	14 (9.7)	9 (8.6)	5 (12.5)	0.532
COPD	19 (13.1)	14 (13.3)	5 (12.5)	>0.999
Interstitial lung disease	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	>0.999
Pulmonary tuberculosis	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	>0.999
Pulmonary function test
FVC (L)	3.8 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.6	0.104
FEV1 (L)	2.8 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.5	0.051
FEV1/FVC ratio (%)	73.2 ± 11.2	73.6 ± 11.7	72.2 ± 10.1	0.477
Pre-induction hemodynamics
Mean blood pressure (mmHg)	90 ± 11	90 ± 10	90 ± 12	0.743
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	137 ± 18	136 ± 18	138 ± 19	0.437
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	75 ± 11	75 ± 10	75 ± 13	0.728
Body temperature (°C)	36.6 ± 0.3	36.6 ± 0.3	36.6 ± 0.3	0.850
Heart rate (beats/min)	71 ± 13	70 ± 13	71 ±12	0.642
SpO2 (%)	97.9 ± 1.8	98.0 ± 1.8	97.7 ± 1.8	0.343
Arterial blood gas analysis after induction
pH	7.46 ± 0.03	7.46 ± 0.03	7.46 ± 0.03	0.722
PaO2 (mmHg)	288.4 ± 72.8	287.5 ± 70.9	290.6 ±78.6	0.822
PaCO2 (mmHg)	39.1 ± 4.8	39.2 ± 5.0	38.9 ± 4.1	0.713
HCO3^- (mmol/L)	28.1 ± 2.3	28.2 ± 2.3	27.7 ± 2.3	0.248
Base excess (mmol/L)	4.0 ± 2.1	4.1 ± 2.1	3.7 ± 2.1	0.236
SaO2 (%)	99.9 ± 0.5	99.9 ± 0.4	99.9 ± 0.6	0.566
Arterial blood gas analysis at skin closure
pH	7.42 ± 0.03	7.42 ± 0.03	7.41 ± 0.04	0.055
PaO2 (mmHg)	189.0 ± 45.0	191.8 ± 43.4	181.7 ± 48.8	0.230
PaCO2 (mmHg)	40.5 ± 3.3	40.2 ± 3.2	41.3 ± 3.3	0.071
HCO3^- (mmol/L)	26.1 ± 1.9	26.1 ± 1.9	26.2 ± 2.2	0.934
Base excess (mmol/L)	1.5 ± 2.0	1.6 ± 1.9	1.3 ± 2.4	0.408
SaO2 (%)	99.6 ± 0.8	99.7 ± 0.6	99.4 ± 1.0	0.051
Anesthesia duration (min)	160.9 ± 25.8	160.9 ± 24.6	160.9 ± 28.9	0.988
Operation duration (min)	120.8 ± 25.6	120.8 ± 24.5	121.0 ± 28.8	0.963
Crystalloid amount (mL)	838.7 ± 540.5	848.2 ± 596.9	813.8 ± 357.3	0.733

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are presented as number (percentage). For comparisons between the PPC and non-PPC groups. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; SpO₂, peripheral oxygen saturation; pH, hydrogen ion concentration; PaCO₂, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO₂, arterial oxygen partial pressure; HCO₃^-, bicarbonate; SaO₂, arterial oxygen saturation.