Research Article
Hepatic Steatosis Index and Chronic Kidney Disease among Middle-Aged Individuals: A Large-Scale Study in Japan
Table 2
Characteristics of study participants (women).
| | No CKD () | CKD () | valuea |
| | Age (years) | 50.4 (6.9) | 53.4 (6.6) | <0.001 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 (3.7) | 23.4 (4.0) | <0.001 | | Smoking status ( (%)) | | | | | None | 19,805 (75.1) | 1,755 (65.8) | <0.001 | | Former | 1,770 (6.7) | 324 (12.1) | | | Current | 4,800 (18.2) | 589 (22.1) | | | Alcohol intake ( (%)) | | | | | None | 14,318 (54.3) | 1,292 (48.4) | <0.001 | | Sometimes | 7,905 (30.0) | 776 (29.1) | | | Everyday | 4,152 (15.7) | 600 (22.5) | | | Physical activity ( (%)) | | | | | <60 min/day | 18,511 (70.2) | 1,809 (67.8) | <0.001 | | ≥60 min/day | 7,864 (29.8) | 859 (32.2) | | | Hypertension ( (%)) | 7,625 (28.9) | 982 (36.8) | <0.001 | | Dyslipidemia ( (%)) | 10,775 (40.9) | 1,353 (50.7) | <0.001 | | Diabetes ( (%)) | 881 (3.3) | 191 (7.2) | <0.001 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.60 (0.56, 0.69) | 0.82 (0.80, 0.90) | <0.001 | | eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.4 (13.0) | 56.5 (11.4) | <0.001 | | ALT (U/L) | 15 (12, 20) | 18 (14, 25) | <0.001 | | AST (U/L) | 20 (17, 23) | 22 (18, 26) | <0.001 | | HSI | 30.9 (5.0) | 32.9 (5.7) | <0.001 |
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ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HSI: hepatic steatosis index. Values are mean (standard deviation) or median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) except where indicated, (%). aWilcoxon’s rank-sum test, unpaired -test, or chi-squared test. |
