Association between Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations and the First Ischemic Stroke in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A 7-Year Retrospective Cohort Study from China
Table 1
Participants sorted by tertiles of Hcy.
Variable
Hcy tertiles (mmol/L)
value
Tertile 1 (<11.6)
Tertile 2 (11.6–18.2)
Tertile 3 (>18.2)
No. of participants
783
782
785
Age (years)
0.01
BMI (kg/m2)
0.98
NC (cm)
<0.01
WC (cm)
0.51
SBP (mmHg)
<0.01
DBP (mmHg)
<0.01
Gender ( (%))
<0.01
Female
293 (37.42%)
264 (33.76%)
179 (22.80%)
Male
490 (62.58%)
518 (66.24%)
606 (77.20%)
Smoking status ( (%))
<0.01
Never
484 (61.81%)
463 (59.21%)
393 (50.06%)
Former
72 (9.20%)
80 (10.23%)
97 (12.36%)
Current
227 (28.99%)
239 (30.56%)
295 (37.58%)
Drinking status ( (%))
0.10
Never
528 (67.43%)
527 (67.90%)
502 (63.95%)
Former
39 (4.98%)
54 (6.91%)
63 (8.03%)
Current
216 (27.59%)
197 (25.19%)
220 (28.03%)
History of disease
Arrhythmia ( (%))
109 (13.92%)
178 (22.76%)
153 (19.49%)
<0.01
Diabetes ( (%))
151 (19.28%)
150 (18.77%)
115 (14.65%)
0.06
Laboratory examinations
TC (mmol/L)
0.06
TG (mmol/L)
1.77 (1.28-2.47)
1.73 (1.22-2.48)
1.76 (1.25-2.54)
0.25
HDL-c (mmol/L)
0.32
LDL-c (mmol/L)
0.02
hs-CRP (mg/L)
2.21 (0.90-4.07)
2.01 (0.96-4.19)
2.12 (0.99-3.83)
0.85
FPG (mmol/L)
0.26
Hcy (μmol/L)
<0.01
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
<0.01
Cr (μmol/L)
<0.01
Polysomnography examinations
AHI (events/hour)
17.40 (10.00-33.80)
19.40 (10.40-34.95)
18.50 (10.50-32.80)
0.52
AI (events/hour)
2.50 (0.40-9.80)
3.20 (0.50-12.28)
3.10 (0.60-11.30)
0.79
HI (events/hour)
12.40 (7.20-21.40)
12.85 (7.30-21.17)
12.10 (7.20-19.20)
0.10
Sleep duration (minutes)
0.86
Mean SaO2 (%)
0.46
Lowest SaO2 (%)
0.23
Medication use
Antidiabetic drugs ( (%))
133 (16.99%)
79 (10.10%)
102 (12.99%)
<0.01
Lipid-lowering drugs ( (%))
417 (53.26%)
536 (68.54%)
605 (77.07%)
<0.01
Antihypertensive drugs ( (%))
713 (91.06%)
737 (94.25%)
766 (97.58%)
<0.01
Antiplatelet drugs ( (%))
541 (69.09%)
620 (79.28%)
508 (64.71%)
<0.01
Regular CPAP treatment ( (%))
22 (3.07%)
41 (6.27%)
34 (2.04%)
<0.01
Follow-up duration (days)
2627.00 (2313.00-2995.00)
2655.00 (2287.50-2984.75)
2563.00 (2265.00-2973.00)
0.26
Incident ischemic stroke ( (%))
<0.01
No
768 (98.08%)
743 (95.01%)
748 (95.29%)
Yes
15 (1.92%)
39 (4.99%)
37 (4.71%)
Data are (%), , or median (interquartile range). BMI: body mass index; NC: neck circumference; WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; Hcy: homocysteine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Cr: creatinine; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; AI: apnea index; HI: hypopnea index; mean SaO2: mean oxygen saturation; lowest SaO2: lowest oxygen saturation; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure.
