Ferulic Acid Mitigates Growth and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Inducing Ferroptotic Cell Death

Figure 1

FA exposure mitigates cellular viability and induces LDH release and caspase-3 activity of ESCC cells. (a) Chemical structure of FA from the PubChem database. (b, c) Viable EC-1 and TE-4 cells that were exposed to gradient doses of FA for 48 h were quantified through CCK-8, and IC50 values of FA were computed. (d, e) 40 μM FA was administrated to EC-1 and TE-4 cells for a series of time points, and cellular viability was monitored via CCK-8. (f, g) LDH release level was monitored in EC-1 and TE-4 cells with 48 h administration of 20 μM, 40 μM, and 60 μM FA through LDH cytotoxicity assay kit. (h, i) Caspase-3 activity was quantified in EC-1 and TE-4 cells with 48 h exposure of 20 μM, 40 μM, and 60 μM FA utilizing caspase-3 activity assay kit. was computed through one- or two-way ANOVA test. Significance level was denoted as , , and .

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