Ferulic Acid Mitigates Growth and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Inducing Ferroptotic Cell Death

Figure 4

FA administration leads to oxidative stress damage of ESCC cells through lipid peroxidation and ROS generation. (a, b) MDA content was detected in EC-1 and TE-4 cells with 48 h administration of 20 μM, 40 μM, and 60 μM FA through MDA content kit. (c, d) SOD activity was monitored and normalized in ESCC cells that were administrated with 20 μM, 40 μM, and 60 μM FA for 48 h utilizing SOD activity kit. (e, f) GSH content was quantified in EC-1 and TE-4 cells following exposure to 20 μM, 40 μM, and 60 μM FA for 48 h. (g–i) Intracellular ROS accumulation was tested in EC-1 and TE-4 cells with 48 h administration of 20 μM, 40 μM, and 60 μM FA utilizing DCFH-DA probe. Scale bar, 20 μm. was computed through one-way ANOVA test. Significance level was denoted as , , , and .

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