Curcumin Improves Keratinocyte Proliferation, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress through Mediating the SPAG5/FOXM1 Axis in an In Vitro Model of Actinic Dermatitis by Ultraviolet

Figure 1

Curcumin reduced proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in UV-irradiated keratinocytes. An in vitro AD model was constructed in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells, which were then treated with 2.5 μM and 5 μM curcumin for 24 hours. (a) HaCaT cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8. (b)–(d) The levels of SOD, GSH-PX, and MDA in HaCaT cells were gauged with an oxidative stress assay kit. (e) The ROS content in HaCaT cells was assessed by cytofluorimetry. (f) Expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNFα in HaCaT cells was compared by ELISA. (g) The profiles of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-xL, Caspase3, Caspase8, and Caspase9 in HaCaT cells were assayed by WB. (h) WB was conducted to measure the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, COX2, and iNOS in HaCaT cells. (i) Expression of inflammation-related proteins NF-κB, MMP1, and MMP9 in HaCaT cells was determined by WB. . (vs. CON group), , ; ^# (vs. UV group), ^##, ^###.

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