Curcumin Improves Keratinocyte Proliferation, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress through Mediating the SPAG5/FOXM1 Axis in an In Vitro Model of Actinic Dermatitis by Ultraviolet

Figure 4

Overexpression of FOXM1 stimulated UV irradiation-mediated dysfunction of keratinocytes. (a) Vectors and FOXM1 overexpression plasmids were transfected into HaCaT cells, and the transfection efficiency was inspected by RT-PCR after 24 hours. The transfected HaCaT cells were then subjected to UV irradiation and treated with 5 μM curcumin for 24 hours. (b) UV-irradiated HaCaT cell proliferation was assayed using CCK-8. (c)–(e) Levels of SOD, GSH-PX, and MDA in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells were compared using the Oxidative Stress Assay Kit. (f) The amount of ROS in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells was determined by cytofluorimetry. (g) ELISA was implemented to verify the profiles of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNFα) in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells. (h)–(k) Expression of Bax, Bcl-xL, Caspase3, Caspase8, Caspase9, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, COX2, iNOS, NF-κB, MMP1, MMP9, SPAG5, and FOXM1 in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells was examined with WB. . (vs. vector or UV group), , ; ^# (vs. FOXM1+UV group), ^##, ^###.

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