[Retracted] Short- and Long-Term Influences of Benzodiazepine and Z-Drug Use in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Combined Sleep Disturbance during Affective Period: A Nine-Month Follow-Up Analysis
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characters of patients at baseline.
BZD/Z-drug group
No BZD/Z-drug group
Sample size
33 (54.1%)
28 (45.9%)
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Gender (male)
19 (67.9%)
17 (51.5%)
0.062
0.506
Age (median, interquartile range)
32 (21.5-45.5)
31 (24-38.5)
-0.043
0.965
Occupational status (employed/temporarily employed/unemployed)
15 (45.5%)/2 (6.1%)/16 (48.5%)
11 (39.3%)/1 (3.6%)/16 (57.1%)
0.543
0.762
Years of schooling (median, interquartile range)
12 (9-15)
12 (9-15)
-0.415
0.678
Residence (solitary/cohabiting)
1 (3.6%)/27 (96.4%)
0 (0.0%)/33 (100.0%)
1.198
0.459
Number of (hypo)manic episodes (%)
15 (68.2%)
7 (31.8%)
2.748
0.116
Number of depressive episodes (%)
16 (50.0%)
16 (50.0%)
0.455
0.609
Number of mixed episodes (%)
2 (28.6%)
5 (71.4%)
2.075
0.231
Episode duration (days) (interquartile range)
71.5 (48.5-127.5)
120 (60-170)
-1.655
0.098
Having family history of mental illness
1 (3.57%)
1 (3.03%)
0.014
0.711
Having history of somatic diseases
2 (7.14%)
3 (9.09%)
0.436
0.421
Combined anxiety disorder (%)
1 (3.57%)
1 (3.03%)
0.014
0.711
Combined substance abuse (%)
1 (3.57%)
2 (6.06%)
0.201
0.562
Combined eating disorder (%)
1 (3.57%)
1 (3.03%)
0.014
0.711
Previously diagnosed with PTSD (%)
0
1 (3.03%)
2.437
0.207
Previously diagnosed with periodic psychosis (%)
1 (3.57%)
0
0.863
0.541
Previously diagnosed with dissociative disorder (%)
0
1 (3.03%)
1.198
0.459
MDQ score
-0.826
0.412
QIDS score
-0.098
0.922
QIDS’ score
-0.018
0.986
PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder; MDQ: Mental Disorders Questionnaire; QIDS: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms; QIDS’: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, from questions 5 to question 16.
