Research Article
Value of Central Venous Pressure Monitoring in the Patients with Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Table 1
Comparisons of baseline characteristics between the original cohort and matched cohort.
| | Variables | Original cohort | Matched cohort | No CVP group
| CVP group
| SMD | No CVP group
| CVP group
| SMD |
| | Age (year, mean (SD)) | 61.2 (16.7) | 63.2 (14.7) | 0.123 | 59.8 (16.2) | 60.7 (16.2) | 0.057 | | Male (%) | 3888 (57.8) | 1570 (64.2) | 0.131 | 578 (60.5) | 573 (59.9) | 0.011 | | Ethnicity, (%) | | | | | | | | American Indian or Alaska Native | 10 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | 0.200 | 6 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.225 | | Asian | 181 (2.7) | 55 (2.2) | 25 (2.6) | 31 (3.2) | | Black/African American | 475 (7.1) | 98 (4.0) | 52 (5.4) | 52 (5.4) | | Hispanic/Latino | 232 (3.5) | 51 (2.1) | 38 (4.0) | 20 (2.1) | | White | 4307 (64.1) | 1744 (71.3) | 552 (57.7) | 625 (65.4) | | Other | 325 (4.8) | 134 (5.5) | 49 (5.1) | 48 (5.0) | | Unknown | 1194 (17.8) | 363 (14.8) | 234 (24.5) | 180 (18.8) | | | First care unit, (%) | | | | | | | | CVICU | 796 (11.8) | 1392 (56.9) | 1.122 | 242 (25.3) | 266 (27.8) | 0.256 | | CCU | 285 (4.2) | 83 (3.4) | 53 (5.5) | 61 (6.4) | | MICU | 1479 (22.0) | 327 (13.4) | 284 (29.7) | 243 (25.4) | | MICU/SICU | 1215 (18.1) | 213 (8.7) | 124 (13.0) | 144 (15.1) | | Neuro intermediate | 67 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | | Neuro SICU | 303 (4.5) | 5 (0.2) | 30 (3.1) | 5 (0.5) | | SICU | 1300 (19.3) | 233 (9.5) | 103 (10.8) | 130 (13.6) | | TSICU | 1279 (19.0) | 193 (7.9) | 117 (12.2) | 107 (11.2) | | Severity of illness (mean (SD)) | | | | | | | | SOFA score | 6.6 (3.8) | 7.5 (4.1) | 0.226 | 8.7 (4.6) | 9.0 (4.4) | 0.063 | | APS-III score | 46.3 (11.5) | 43.4 (13.0) | 0.240 | 47.6 (11.5) | 48.4 (11.2) | 0.064 | | Charlson comorbidity index | 4.9 (2.7) | 4.5 (2.1) | 0.173 | 4.6 (2.7) | 4.5 (2.4) | 0.057 | | Hemodynamic variables measured in the first 24 hours of admission to ICU (mean (SD)) | | | | | | | | MAP (mmHg) | 107.8 (26.6) | 104.8 (30.6) | 0.107 | 107.0 (30.9) | 108.3 (34.9) | 0.038 | | HR (bpm) | 108.8 (21.1) | 105.1 (20.2) | 0.179 | 109.9 (22.1) | 111.1 (22.8) | 0.052 | | CI (L/min/m2) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.181 | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.094 | | SV (mL) | 63.6 (23.3) | 65.6 (26.8) | 0.083 | 58.1 (25.1) | 63.4 (27.6) | 0.201 | | Lac (mmol/L) | 3.2 (3.3) | 3.6 (2.7) | 0.129 | 3.9 (3.9) | 3.9 (3.2) | 0.009 | | Inflammatory indicators measured in the first 24 hours of admission to ICU (mean (SD)) | | | | | | | | WBC (×109/L) | 15.9 (12.9) | 16.9 (9.1) | 0.090 | 17.5 (18.0) | 17.9 (11.3) | 0.023 | | NLR | 3.9 (2.7) | 3.6 (2.4) | 0.087 | 3.8 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.4) | 0.029 | | Renal function index measured in the first 24 hours of admission to ICU (mean (SD)) | | | | | | | | BUN (mg/dL) | 25.2 (20.4) | 23.8 (16.9) | 0.072 | 29.0 (26.2) | 28.9 (20.7) | 0.002 | | SCr (mg/dL) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.0) | 0.008 | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.4) | 0.030 | | AKI stage, (%) | | | | | | | | I | 5113 (76.0) | 2086 (85.3) | 0.238 | 771 (80.6) | 757 (79.2) | 0.066 | | II | 1470 (21.9) | 337 (13.8) | | 169 (17.7) | 188 (19.7) | | | III | 141 (2.1) | 23 (0.9) | | 16 (1.7) | 11 (1.2) | | | Interventions in the first 24 hours of admission to ICU, (%) | | | | | | | | MV use | 2734 (40.7) | 1709 (69.9) | 0.615 | 657 (68.7) | 613 (64.1) | 0.098 | | Vasopressor use | 306 (4.6) | 298 (12.2) | 0.278 | 155 (16.2) | 185 (19.4) | 0.082 | | RRT use | 196 (2.9) | 78 (3.2) | 0.016 | 59 (6.2) | 58 (6.1) | 0.004 |
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CVP = central venous pressure; SMD = standard mean difference; CVICU = cardiovascular intensive care unit; CCU = coronary care unit; MICU = medical intensive care; SICU = surgical intensive care unit; TSICU = trauma surgical intensive care unit; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; APS-III = acute physiology score III; MAP = mean arterial pressure; HR = heart rate; CI = cardiac index; SV = stroke volume; Lac = lactic acid; WBC = white blood cell; NLR = neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; SCr = serum creatinine; AKI = acute kidney injury; MV = mechanical ventilation; RRT = renal replacement therapy.
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