Aging is a complex phenomenon that remains poorly understood and poses numerous challenges to medicine and society. It is therefore vital to develop innovative solutions to prevent, mitigate, or reverse prevalent common age-related health conditions. These include cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, immune system disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and even cancers. These diseases can cause death and pose a significant threat to public health. A biomarker of aging is a biological parameter of an organism that, either alone or in some multivariate composite, will, in the absence of disease, better predict biological age and functional capacity than chronological age.

Although some new biomarkers have been successfully identified, the heterogeneity of age-related diseases requires a greater array of drugs and biomarkers to achieve individualized treatment options or monitoring strategies. Recent technological and analytical advances have made it possible to rapidly elucidate the mechanisms of initiation and progression in age-related diseases and identify new targets, thereby providing great opportunities for the development of new clinically effective drugs and biomarkers.

In this Special Issue, we welcome manuscripts on recent advances in the identification of novel biomarkers, focusing on therapeutic targets and diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for age-related diseases. We welcome both original research and review articles in clinical and experimental settings.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Oxidative stress-related biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Intercellular communication-related biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Epigenetic biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Proteostasis-related biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Genetic biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Cellular senescence biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Stem cell-related biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Nutrient sensing-related biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Development of novel strategies for the identification, screening, and stratification of the at-risk population, including the combination of multiscale biomarkers for age-related diseases
• Dynamic models of age-related disease progression integrating various clinical or preclinical data across scales and organs, including omics, cellular and medical imaging, and physiological, cognitive, behavioral, and clinical assessments in humans or animal models