Review Article
Biomarkers as Key Contributors in Treating Malignant Melanoma Metastases
Table 5
Principal and secundary melanoma molecular subtypes [
73].
| Detailed subtypes | Pathway(s) | Key gene/biomarker(s) | Potentially relevant therapeutics |
| 1.1 | MAPK | BRAF | BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors | 1.2 | MAPK | BRAF/PTEN | (BRAF inhibitors) AND (PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors) | 1.3 | MAPK | BRAF/AKT | (BRAF inhibitors) AND (AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors) | 1.4 | | BRAF/CDK4 | BRAF inhibitors AND CDK inhibitors | 2.1 | c-KIT | c-KIT | Gleevec & other c-KIT inhibitors | 3.1 | GNAQ GNA11 | GNAQ | MEK inhibitors | 3.2 | GNAQ GNA11 | GNA11 | MEK inhibitors | 4.1 | NRAS | NRAS | MAPK & PI3K inhibitors, Farnesyl transferase inhibitors | 5.1 | MITF | MITF | HDAC inhibitors | 6.1 | AKT/PI3K | PTEN | PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors | 6.2 | AKT/PI3K | AKT | AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors | 6.3 | AKT/PI3K | PI3K | PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors | 7.1 | CDK | ARF/INK4 | CDK inhibitors | 7.2 | CDK | CDK4 | CDK inhibitors | 7.3 | CDK | CCND1/Cyclin D1 | CDK inhibitors | 8.1 | PR3/BCL | BCL-2 | TBD | 8.2 | PR3/BCL | P53 | TBD |
| 9 | Placeholder for any new subtype of patients that is not currently defined |
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