Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes among Children with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A 20-Year Study in a Tertiary Referral Hospital

Table 6

Comparison of clinical features and treatment outcomes between children and adults with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

	Children	Adult
Sex, %
Male	44.4	42.1–58.3 [6–13]
Mean age (yr)	9.2	40.1–56.6 [6–13]
Underlying disease, %	58.4	33.3–76.9 [8, 11–14]
Causative factor, %
Drug-related	72.3	52.4–100.0 [7–9, 11–13]
Non-drug-related	27.7	0–47.6 [7–9, 11–13]
Prodromal symptoms, %
Fever	69.4	59.8–94.7 [11, 13, 14]
Mucosal involvement, %
Oral	97.2	38.6–85.4 [7, 8, 11, 13]
Eye	83.3	59.8–64.4 [7, 8, 11, 13]
Genital	72.2	32.9–41.4 [7, 8, 11, 13]
Anus	16.7	n/a
Nose	-	3.6 [11]
Associated abnormalities, %
GI (Liver) abnormalities	50.0	36.4–48.8 [7, 8, 11]
Renal abnormalities	5.6	9.1–17.1 [7, 8, 11]
Lung abnormalities	-	11.4 [8]
Encephalopathy	-	8.0 [7, 8]
Treatment, %
Specific treatment	77.8	46.6–97.7 [7–9, 11–13]
Supportive care only	22.2	2.3–53.4 [7–9, 11–13]
Duration of hospital stay (d)	11.8	10.0–37.0 [6–9, 11–14]
Short-term complication, %
Skin
Dyspigmentation	72.2	13.7–69.0 [6, 12]
Nail change/loss	11.1	2.9–46.0 [6, 7, 12]
Eye	66.7	0–69.2 [7, 11, 12]
Conjunctivitis	47.2	n/a
Corneal epithelial defects	16.7	Unidentified [11]
Synechiae/symblepharon	16.7	Unidentified [11]
Pseudomembrane	16.7	4.8 [11]
Superinfection	27.8	8.0–56.2 [7, 8, 14]
Vaginal adhesion	8.3	7.7 [12]
Pneumonia	5.6	9.2 [7]
Pancreatitis	2.8	Cases report [15–17]
Adrenal insufficiency	2.8	Case report [18]
Long-term sequel, %
Skin
Dyspigmentation	50.0	13.7–69.0 [6, 12]
Xerosis	2.8	n/a
Nail loss	2.8	1.1 [7]
Eye	36.1	9.8–77.0 [6, 11, 12, 19]
Dry eye	27.8	31.0–32.4 [6, 12]
Corneal scar	11.1	4.9–15.4 [6, 12]
Keratopathy	8.3	n/a
Subconjunctival fibrosis	2.8	n/a
Mortality rate, %	0	6.8–34.4 [6–9, 11–14]

n/a, not available.