Probiotics in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis for Children: A Case-Based Review

Table 4

Summary of included studies.

Author	Study population	Probiotics (types, dose)	Outcome measure	Result
Navarro-Lopez et al. [15]	Children, 4–17-year-old with moderate atopic dermatitis	Bifidobacterium lactis CECT 8145, B. longum CECT 7347, and Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104 freeze-dried powder in a capsule, twelve weeks, once daily	SCORAD index	The intervention group who received probiotic has significant improvement both statistically () and MCID (SCORAD > 8.7)
Prakoeswa et al. [16]	Children, 0–14-year-old with atopic dermatitis who met the Hanifin–Rajka diagnostic criteria, age-related total serum IgE levels of 10–15 years > 200 IU/mL, 6–9 years > 90 IU/mL, 1–5 years > 60 IU/mL, <1 year > 1.5 IU/mL	L. plantarum IS-10506 at the dose of 10^10 cfu/day for 12 weeks in microencapsulated form	SCORAD index	A statistically significant decrease of SCORAD score in the probiotic group was observed (); however, MCID was not achieved (SCORAD < 8.7)
Yang et al. [17]	Children, 2–9-year-old with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (SCORAD score ≤40) who met the Hanifin–Rajka diagnostic criteria without any chronic underlying disease, acute GI infection, or past exposure to commercial probiotics/systemic corticosteroid/antibiotic/immunosuppressive agent/Chinese herbal therapies 4 weeks prior to enrollment	Mixture of L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and B. lactis in glucose anhydrous crystalline powder derived from corn starch; a single dose preparation containing 1 × 10^9 cfu of each bacterial strain, given for 6 weeks, twice daily	EASI (eczema area and severity index) and VASP (visual analog scale for pruritus) scores	Statistically significant decrease in EASI and VASP scores before and after treatment in both probiotic and control groups
				No statistically significant difference between probiotic and control groups in EASI and VASP scores at week 6
Woo et al. [18]	Children, 2–10-year-old with moderate and severe AEDS (atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome)	Microcrystalline cellulose (1.76 g) as a carrier of freeze-dried L. sakei KCTC 10755BP; a dose of 5 × 10^9 cfu of L. sakei was given twice daily	SCORAD index	SCORAD total score-adjusted pretreatment values were lower after probiotic vs placebo treatment at week 12 (); there was a greater improvement in mean disease activity with probiotic (31%) vs. placebo use (13%), ; however, MCID was not achieved
Han et al. [19]	Children, 1–13-year-old presenting with AD with SCORAD ranged from 20–50	L. plantarum CJLP133 at the dose of 0.5 × 10^10 given twice daily for 12 weeks	SCORAD index	Mean change of the SCORAD score from baseline in probiotic group was greater than in placebo group, both in ITT () and PP analysis (); however, MCID was not passed