All patients: put OO on one nipple and lanolin on the other one and use the same ointment for the same nipple until the end of the study or use one of the modalities for both nipples if they were satisfied with the modality IP: 15 days
—
OO: fifty patients (89.2%) were more satisfied with OO L: 6 patients (10.8%) were more satisfied with L
OO: 0.5 ml of OO 3 times a day AV: 0.5 ml of AV extract plus 3-4 drops of their milk 3 times a day HM: 3-4 drops of milk after each breastfeeding Place of use: the nipple and areola IP: 7 days
OO (n = 30); SAO (n = 30); C (n = 30); patients admitted to ICU
OO and SAO: both received a massage once a day with 1–3 mL of OO or SAO C: NI IP: 1 week Place of use: in the areas exposed to the risk of pressure ulcer
OO (n = 30); HA (n = 30); C (n = 30); patients admitted to ICU
OO: 15 ml of olive oil was gently applied once a day without any massage HA: a mixture of 1 g henna and 10 ml distilled water was applied for 30 min just once C: NI Place of use: PU grade one IP: 7 days
Pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) tool
OO: 5.44 ± 3.806; HO: 3.39 ± 3.54; C: 9.83 ± 2.864 (); the mean area of the ulcer on days 4 and 7 in the HO was lower than that in the OO and control groups ()
OO: 15 ml OO was rubbed gently on the wounded area once a day for 30 min without massage; the area was washed with tepid water and the skin was dried Place of use: PU grade one C: NI IP: 7 days
OO and HOFA: solutions (2 sprays; one spray delivers 0.2 mL) were applied on at-risk skin areas every 12 hours IP: 30 days or until pressure ulcer onset Place of use: at-risk skin areas
PU incidence
PU incidence OO: 4.18%; HOFA: 6.57%; PU incidence difference: −2.39% (95% CI = −6.40 to 1.56%):
OO: topical 15 cc premium and standard formula olive oil once a day C: NI Place of use: at-risk areas of patient bodies without any massaging IP: 3 weeks
Bedsore incidence
OO: 5 patients (16%) had developed bedsore after an average of 18.73 ± 5.36 days C: 12 patients (40%) had developed bedsore after an average of 15.46 ± 7.40 days ()
In total, the research units were 45 people and were divided into three groups: OO, H, and C )the exact number of each group is not mentioned(
OO: once a day, the wound was covered with gauze soaked in olive oil (4 cc) H: they used honey once a day on the wound C: NI IP: 1 month
Wagner system
The mean score of wound healing was OO: 371.5; H: 330.5; C: 268.0; ()
Incisional wounds (perineal ulcer) Amani et al., 2015, Iran [30]
OO (n = 45); CCGP (n = 45)
OO: twice a day, first for 12 hours after delivery and then for 10 days after delivery CCGP: for 20 minutes, first for 12 hours after delivery and then up to 10 days if necessary
Olive leaf: olive leaf extract ointment was used (3 times a day for 10 days); Placebo: placebo was used (3 times a day for 10 days); C: betadine solution was used (3 times a day for 10 days)
OO: for the first time, 24 hours after delivery and then for ten days after delivery, they used a sitting bath of olive oil (10 drops of OO in 5 liters of water) for 10 minutes twice a day; C: in the same way but they used distilled water instead of OO
REEDA scale
OO: 0/30 ± 0/46; C: 2/10 ± 1/77 ()
Diaper dermatitis (contact dermatitis) Sharifi‐Heris et al., 2018, Iran [7]
Alyvium: two capsules (which contains 500 mg of an olive polyphenolic extract, 200 μg vitamin A, 0.35 mg riboflavin, and 12.5 μg of biotin per capsule) a day Placebo: two capsules a day of maltodextrins IP: 12 weeks
