Clinical and Physiological Correlates of Irritability in Depression: Results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety

Table 3

Psychophysiological measures.

	Low irritable; (𝑛=294)	High irritable; (𝑛=218 )
Cortisol (mean ± SD)
^aAUCi	1.9 ± 4.9	2.1 ± 5.2	𝜂^2=.001
^bAUCg	18.1 ± 6.2	18.2 ± 5.8	𝜂2<.001
	(𝑛=487 )	(𝑛=419)
^cCholesterol (mean ± SD)
Total cholesterol	5.2 ± 1.1	5.1 ± 1.1	𝜂^2=.001
LDL cholesterol	3.2 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 1.0	𝜂^2<.001
HDL cholesterol	1.6 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.4	𝜂^2=.001
	(𝑛=470)	(𝑛=404)
^dHeart rate variability (mean ± SD)
RSArest	41.9 ± 27.7	45.6 ± 29.6	𝜂^2=.002
RSAtest	40.8 ± 23.0	43.4 ± 23.9	𝜂^2=.001
SDNN rest	71.2 ± 30.9	73.3 ± 31.8	𝜂^2=.001
SDNNtest	62.2 ± 23.1	63.9 ± 22.9	𝜂^2=.002

^aControlled for sex, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, time of awakening, and hours of sleep.
^bControlled for smoking, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, working on testing day, and hours of daylight in month of testing.
^cControlled for current symptoms (IDS-total minus item 6), sex, age, smoking, alcohol abuse and dependence, and antidepressant use.
^dControlled for current symptoms (IDS-total minus item 6), sex, age, smoking, alcohol abuse and dependence, antidepressant and heart medication-use, and heart disease.