Clinical Study
Depressive Symptom Clusters and Neuropsychological Performance in Mild Alzheimer's and Cognitively Normal Elderly
Table 1
Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) for participants.
| Alzheimer’s disease | All () | Male () | Female () |
| Age | 77.06 (8.413) | 75.70 (8.012) | 77.68 (8.359) | Education | 14.44 (4.758) | 15.11 (3.158) | 13.98 (5.802) | Dysphoria | 1.78 (2.199) | 1.87 (2.292) | 1.76 (2.182) | Meaninglessness | .75 (1.203) | .66 (1.194) | .80 (1.173) | Apathy | 1.38 (1.310) | 1.49 (1.339) | 1.39 (1.315) | Cognitive impairment | 2.00 (1.507) | 2.17 (1.569) | 2.01 (1.438) | Verbal fluency | 6.78 (3.109) | 6.84 (3.214) | 6.76 (2.954) | Boston Naming | 6.19 (3.487) | 5.69 (3.311) | 6.59 (3.482) | Trails A | 5.78 (3.027) | 6.22 (2.554) | 5.57 (3.243) | Trails B | 5.01 (3.061) | 5.77 (3.110) | 4.56 (2.955) | Digit Span | 8.34 (2.568) | 8.85 (2.358) | 8.20 (4.56) | Logical Memory I | 4.11 (2.570) | 4.78 (2.744) | 3.85 (2.416) | Logical Memory II | 4.17 (2.072) | 4.72 (2.450) | 3.90 (1.812) | Visual Reproduction I | 4.36 (2.450) | 5.29 (2.420) | 4.13 (2.321) | Visual Reproduction II | 5.60 (1.857) | 6.12 (2.340) | 5.32 (1.526) |
| Controls | All () | Male () | Female () |
| Age | 71.53 (8.566) | 73.40 (8.266) | 70.46 (8.559) | Education | 15.64 (4.100) | 16.45 (2.791) | 15.17 (4.623) | Dysphoria | .74 (1.431) | .82 (1.361) | .78 (1.464) | Meaninglessness | .37 (.884) | .35 (.838) | .37 (.906) | Apathy | .96 (1.180) | .78 (1.006) | 1.05 (1.245) | Cognitive impairment | 1.00 (1.162) | .93 (1.119) | 1.03 (1.182) | Verbal fluency | 11.40 (3.005) | 11.27 (3.235) | 11.46 (2.095) | Boston Naming | 12.11 (2.988) | 13.13 (2.928) | 11.63 (2.900) | Trails A | 10.55 (2.636) | 10.68 (2.918) | 10.50 (2.500) | Trails B | 11.01 (2.484) | 10.90 (2.370) | 11.06 (2.538) | Digit Span | 11.31 (2.638) | 11.64 (3.056) | 11.16 (2.418) | Logical Memory I | 13.01 (3.026) | 12.53 (3.171) | 13.23 (2.936) | Logical Memory II | 13.65 (2.693) | 12.96 (2.845) | 13.98 (2.559) | Visual Reproduction I | 12.20 (3.012) | 12.25 (3.222) | 12.17 (2.920) | Visual Reproduction II | 13.47 (3.202) | 13.57 (3.013) | 13.43 (3.289) |
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