A Measure of Depression in a Modern Asian Community: Singapore

Table 2

Factor structure and factor loading of Self-Rating Depression Scale and Asian Adolescent Depression Scale.

Item number	Item	LLD	NSS	LCE	LOM	AM	PS
S 14	I feel hopeful about the future	0.6
S 17	I feel that I am useful and needed	0.71
S 18	My life is pretty full	0.66
A 3	I feel that I am not wanted	0.71
A 5	I feel hopeless	0.66
S 19	I feel that others would be better off if I were dead		0.61
A13	I do not like going out with friends or meeting people		0.53
A 16	I have thought about dying		0.54
A 19	I feel that I am not as good as others		0.77
A 20	Nothing works out right for me		0.75
S 11	My mind is as clear as it used to be			0.49
S 12	I find it easy to do the things I used to do			0.43
S 16	I find it easy to make decisions			0.66
A 4	I take a long time to get things done			0.76
A 8	I cannot think well			0.73
A 11	I cannot concentrate on my studies as much as I used to			0.6
A 12	I take a long time to decide on things			0.76
A 18	I am confused about what kind of person I am			0.67
S 2	Morning is when I feel the best				0.3
S 20	I still enjoy the things I used to do				0.16
A 6	I feel tired most of the time				0.73
A 9	I do not feel like doing anything				0.77
A 14	I feel that I have no energy to do things most of the time				0.7
A 15	I do not get satisfaction from what I do				0.72
A 17	I feel that I have no control over what happens				0.63
S 1	I feel sad					0.61
S 3	I have crying spells or feel like it					0.6
A 1	I feel sad most of the time					0.76
A 2	My heart feels heavy					0.74
A 10	I often feel like crying					0.6
S 4	I have trouble sleeping at night						0.45
S 5	I eat as much as I used to						0.18
S 6	I enjoy sex						0.29
S 7	I notice that I am losing weight						0.12
S 8	I have trouble with constipation						0.35
S 9	My heart beats faster than normal						0.53
S 10	I get tried for no reason						0.65
S 13	I am restless and can’t keep still						0.11
S 15	I am more irritable than usual						0.53
A 7	I am more bad tempered than before						0.55

Note. “S” refers to items in the Self-rating Depression Scale; “A” refers to items in the Asian Adolescent Depression Scale. LLD: loss of life direction; NSS: negative social self; LCE: loss of cognitive efficacy; LOM: loss of motivation; AM: affective manifestations; PS: physical symptoms.