Religious and Spiritual Factors in Depression: Review and Integration of the Research

Table 1

Systematic review on depression and religiosity/spirituality (1962–2010).

	Observational studies
	Cross-sectional	Prospective	Clinical trials
				Total (column)
Findings	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
Inverse (−)/improved	214 (62)	39 (56)	19 (63)	272 (61)
Positive (+)/worse	19 ( 6)	7 (10)	2 (7)	28 (6)
Mixed or no association	111 (32)	24 (34)	9 (30)	144 (32)
Total N	344 (100)	70 (100)	30 (100)	444 (100)