The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Paternal Depression from the Antenatal to the Postpartum Period and the Relationships between Antenatal and Postpartum Depression among Fathers in Hong Kong
Table 1
Sample characteristics and attrition analysis of expectant fathers with comparison between fathers who completed both antenatal time points and fathers who dropped out in late pregnancy.
Participants who dropped out at 36 weeks of gestation ()
Participant who completed both antenatal time points ()
Significance level at Bonferroni correction: 0.05/5 = 0.01
Demographic risk factors
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Age
(18)
33.86
5.04
34.47
5.34
%
%
Marital status
(3)
Married/cohabitating
281
45.18
331
53.22
,
Divorce/single
3
0.48
4
0.64
Parity
(15)
Primigravida
191
30.71
220
35.37
,
Multigravida
85
13.67
111
17.85
Education level
(2)
Secondary or below
128
20.58
132
21.22
,
Tertiary or above
156
25.08
204
32.80
Family income
(20)
<20000
46
7.40
57
9.16
,
20000–30000
73
11.74
77
12.38
>30000
158
25.40
191
30.71
Significance level at Bonferroni correction: 0.05/5 = 0.01
Psychosocial risk factors
%
%
Planned/unplanned pregnancy
(7)
Planned pregnancy
219
35.21
276
44.37
,
Unplanned pregnancy
61
9.81
59
9.49
Marital dissatisfaction
(12)
Marital distress
42
6.75
45
7.23
,
Marital satisfied
235
37.78
288
46.30
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Self-esteem
(24)
20.71
4.60
21.43
4.50
Social-support
(14)
61.77
14.77
63.48
13.65
,
Work-family conflict
(39)
30.63
11.90
30.36
11.70
,
Significance level at Bonferroni correction: 0.05/7 = 0.007