Prevalence and Risk Factors for Antenatal Depression in Ethiopia: Systematic Review

Table 2

Prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression in Ethiopia.

Author	Year	Study area	Focus of study (objective)	Methods	Tools	Cut-off		Main finding
Abera et al.	2015	Addis Ababa	Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women	Cross sectional	EPDS	13	24.9	(i) Previous history of depression is 3 times at higher odds; (ii) Unplanned pregnancy is 3 times at higher odds; (iii) Lack of father support is 2 times higher odds
Tadesse et al.	2016	Gondar	Prevalence and Associated Factors of Antenatal Depression among Women Attending Antenatal Care Service	Cross sectional	BDI	16	23	(i) Female aged between 20 and 29 have 0.18 higher odds; (ii) Housewives are 2.5 times at higher odds; (iii) Merchant and daily laborers are 3.4 times at higher odds; (iv) Previous antenatal follow-up pattern irregular is 11.4x at higher odds; (v) No previous ANC follow-up pattern is 11.9x at higher odds
Assefa GW	2015	Shashemane	Prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depression among women following antenatal care	Cross sectional	EPDS	13	25.6	(i) Unmarried female are 3x at higher odds; (ii) Female who did not have negative obstetric history were less likely to have depressive symptom 0.77x; (iii) Female with monthly income of above 1000 Eth were less likely to have depression (0.22X less) than female with income less than 500 Eth.; (iv) Conflict with husband (0.35x); (v) Lack of support (0.35x); (vi) History of intimate partner violence (0.19x)
Tesera et al.	2017	Sodo	Antenatal depressive symptoms and perinatal complications	Cohort	PHQ-9	5	28.7	(i) Self-reported complications in pregnancy are 2x at higher odds; (ii) 1.8x complicated labor; (iii) 1.7x postpartum complication
Tilahun et al.	2017	Maichew	Prevalence of Antenatal Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women	Cross sectional	BDI	14	31.1	(i) Low level of income is 5.12x at higher odds; (ii) Unmarried women are 4x at higher odds; (iii) Housewives are 4.2x at higher odds
Martha et al.	2017	Adama	Prevalence and predictors of antenatal depressive symptoms among women attending Adama Hospital	Cross sectional	BDI	21	31.2	(i) Previous abortion is 2.86x at higher odds; (ii) Fear of pregnancy complications is 3.49X at higher odds; (iii) Economic problems are 9.52x at higher odds; (iv) Unwanted pregnancy is 6.99x at higher odds; (v) Marital conflict is 22.68x at higher odds
Telake et al.	2017	Debretabor	Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Pregnant Women	Cross sectional	EPDS	12	11.8	(i) Having debt is 2.79x at higher odds; (ii) Unplanned pregnancy is 2.39x at higher odds; (iii) History of stillbirth is 3.97x at higher odds; (iv) History of abortion is 2.57x at higher odds; (v) Third trimester of pregnancy is 1.7x at higher odds; (vi) Complication in the current pregnancy is 3.29x at higher odds; (vii) Previous history of depression is 3.48x at higher odds
Yohannes et al.	2013	Gilgel Gibe	The association of unwanted pregnancy and social support with depressive symptoms in pregnancy	Cohort	EPDS	13	19.9	(i) Unwanted pregnancy is 1.96x at higher odds; (ii) Social support during pregnancy; moderate 0.27; high 0.23
Yihalem et al.	2016	Afar Dubti	Factors Associated with Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women in pastorals areas	Cross sectional	BDI	17	17.9	(i) Marital conflict is 6.45x at higher odds; (ii) Planned pregnancy is 0.04 at higher odds; (iii) Medium social support is 0.21x at higher odds