Depression Research and Treatment

Research Article

Epidemiology of Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence in Greece and Comorbidity with Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders

Table 2

Sociodemographic associations of frequent alcohol drinking and getting drunk in 16–18 year-old adolescents in Greece ().


	Drinking alcohol at least weekly		Getting drunk ≥2 times
	Crude OR¹ (95% CI³)	Adjusted OR² (95% CI³)	Crude OR¹ (95% CI³)	Adjusted OR² (95% CI³)

Female gender	0.43 (0.34‐0.55)	(0.29–0.48)	0.53 (0.39–0.71)	(0.32–0.60)
Grade
10^th	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
11^th	1.30 (0 .93–1.83)	1.36 (0.96–1.94)	1.66 (1.08–2.55)	1.71 (1.11–2.65)
12^th	1.54 (1.09–2.17)	(1.14–2.35)	1.71 (1.10–2.66)	(1.14–2.78)
Parent’s marital status
Married	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Divorced/ Separated	1.57 (0.98–2.52)	1.15 (0.71–1.86)	2.09 (1.25–3.49)	1.45 (0.87–2.41)
Widow	1.17 (0.52–2.62)	1.64 (0.62–4.32)	1.88 (0.80–4.42)	1.92 (0.72–5.16)
Number of siblings
None	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
One	0.95 (0.62–1.44)	1.09 (0.69–.71)	0.66 (0.39–1.11)	0.85 (0.48–1.53)
Two	0.83 (0.52–1.31)	0.95 (0.57–1.57)	0.71 (0.40–1.28)	0.79 (0.41–1.54)
Three or more	0.75 (0.45–1.26)	0.91 (0.53–1.57)	0.68 (0.36–1.27)	0.71 (0.36–1.41)
Father’s educational level
Primary	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Secondary Basic	1.49 (0.94–2.35)	1.46 (0.91–2.37)	0.80 (0.44–1.43)	1.04 (0.57–1.92)
Secondary Complete	1.24 (0.84–1.83)	1.15 (0.74–1.77)	0.86 (0.53–1.39)	1.19 (0.70–2.02)
Technological degree	1.33 (0.82–2.14)	1.11 (0.68–1.84)	0.67 (0.36–1.22)	0.82 (0.44–1.53)
University degree	1.17(0.79–1.74)	1.11 (0.69–1.78)	0.88 (0.54–1.44)	1.27 (0.73–2.20)
Mother’s educational level
Primary	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Secondary Basic	1.47 (0.91–2.36)	1.42 (0.84–2.39)	0.80 (0.44–1.46)	0.85 (0.44–1.64)
Secondary Complete	1.37 (0.91–2.05)	1.46 (0.90–2.35)	0.53 (0.32–0.88)	0.62 (0.34–1.12)
Technological degree	1.96 (1.16–3.30)	1.94 (1.08–3.50)	0.91 (0.49–1.72)	1.05 (0.50–2.20)
University degree	1.41 (0.91–2.17)	1.72 (0.99–3.00)	0.86 (0.51–1.45)	1.13 (0.56–2.25)
Father’s employment status
Public sector employee	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Private sector employee	1.25 (0.90–1.74)	1.28 (0.88–1.86)	0.98 (0.65–1.50)	1.09 (0.71–1.69)
Self‐employed	1.21 (0.90–1.64)	1.37 (0.97–1.93)	1.60 (1.10–2.33)	(1.29–3.00)
Retired	0.88 (0.50–1.52)	1.02 (0.57–1.82)	0.92 (0.41–2.05)	1.12 (0.48–2.59)
Unemployed/Other	0.90 (0.51–1.56)	0.64 (0.311–1.28)	1.88 (0.94–3.74)	1.21 (0.59–2.47)
Mother’s employment status
Public sector employee	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Private sector employee	1.23 (0.86–1.78)	1.12 (0.74–1.68)	0.90 (0.58–1.41)	0.79 (0.49–1.30)
Self‐employed	0.92 (0.62–1.38)	0.91 (0.58–1.41)	0.92 (0.55–1.53)	0.80 (0.45–1.44)
Unemployed	0.79 (0.44–1.40)	0.79 (0.44–1.41)	0.80 (0.42–1.52)	0.77 (0.39–1.49)
Looks after house	0.84 (0.61–1.16)	0.90 (0.62–1.32)	0.88 (0.58–1.33)	0.93 (0.56–1.54)
Retired/Other	1.02 (0.56–1.85)	0.98 (0.53–1.83)	0.98 (0.55–1.75)	0.72 (0.34–1.50)
Financial difficulties
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Some	1.53 (1.15–2.04)	(1.13–2.05)	1.43 (0.99–2.07)	1.50 (1.04–2.17)
A lot	1.08 (0.75–1.57)	0.84 (0.55–1.26)	1.59 (1.00–2.50)	1.27 (0.76–2.10)
School performance
Fair	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Good	0.58 (0.36–0.96)	0.60 (0.36–1.00)	0.35 (0.18–0.69)	(0.19–0.80)
Very good	0.51 (0.36–0.72)	(0.35–0.73)	0.30 (0.20–0.46)	(0.21–0.53)
Excellent	0.61 (0.45–0.85)	(0.41–0.79)	0.43 (0.30–0.62)	(0.31–0.66)
Relationship with father
Good/very good	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Fair/bad	2.29 (1.72–3.06)	1.56 (1.05‐2.32)	2.60 (1.85–3.66)	1.97 (1.15–3.40)
Relationship with mother
Good/very good	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Fair/bad	2.51 (1.83–3.45)	(1.20–2.87)	2.24 (1.58–3.20)	1.14 (0.67–1.95)

¹Crude OR: Unadjusted odds ratios;²Adjusted OR: Odds ratios adjusted for all other variables of the table;³CI: Confidence Interval; Bold values indicate statistical significance; Italic values indicated with an asterisk were statistically significant at the 99% level.