Magnitude of Antenatal Depression and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in West Badewacho Woreda, Hadiyya Zone, South Ethiopia: Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Table 3
Bivariate analysis of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant mothers in West Badewacho Woreda, Hadiyya zone, South Ethiopia, 2018.
Variables
Categories
Depressed (%)
No depression (%)
COR (95%CI)
-value
Age
15–19
3 (23.1)
10 (76.9)
0.343 (0.083, 1.414)
0.139
20–24
29 (20.4)
113 (79.6)
0.293 (0.144, 0.599)
0.001
25–29
49 (21.2)
182 (78.8)
0.308 (0.158, 0.598)
0.001
30–34
24 (21.8)
86 (78.2)
0.319 (0.152, 0.669)
0.002
>35
21 (46.7)
24 (53.3)
1
Residence
Rural
116 (24.7)
354 (75.3)
1.999 (0.992, 4.028)
0.053
Urban
10 (14.1)
61 (85.9)
1
Work status of women
Unemployed
120 (24.7)
366 (75.3)
2.678 (1.119, 6.407)
0.027
Employed
6 (10.9)
49 (89.1)
1
Educational status of women
Cannot read and write
28 (23.5)
91 (76.5)
2.110 (0.859, 5.184)
0.104
Read and write
28 (41.2)
40 (58.8)
4.800 (1.897, 12.147)
0.001
Primary
36 (27.5)
95 (72.5)
2.598 (1.077, 6.270)
0.034
Secondary
27 (16.1)
141 (83.9)
1.313 (0.537, 3.209)
0.550
Higher or tertiary
7 (12.7)
48 (87.3)
1
Marital status of women
Others
54 (71.1)
22 (28.9)
13.398 (7.688, 23.356)
0.000
Married
72 (15.5)
393 (84.5)
1
Average family monthly income (Eth. birr)
<1000
107 (27.1)
288 (72.9)
3.344 (1.622, 6.894)
0.001
1001–2000
10 (17.9)
46 (82.1)
1.957 (0.741, 5.164)
0.175
>2001
9 (10)
81 (90)
1
Parity
Primipara
40 (29.2)
97 (70.8)
1.663 (1.044, 2.650)
.032
Multipara
59 (19.9)
238 (80.9)
1
History of abortion
Yes
20 (45.5)
24 (54.5)
3.281 (1.725, 6.239)
0.000
No
79 (20.3)
311 (79.7)
1
History of still birth
Yes
20 (62.5)
12 (37.5)
6.814 (3.197, 14.524)
0.000
No
79 (19.7)
323 (80.3)
1
History of complication during last pregnancy, labor, and delivery
Yes
27 (45.8)
32 (54.2)
3.551 (2.002, 6.298)
0.000
No
72 (19.2)
303 (80.8)
1
Current pregnancy status planned
No
73 (57)
55 (43)
9.015 (5.729, 14.188)
0.000
Yes
53 (12.8)
360 (87.2)
1
History of previous depression
Yes
49 (46.2)
57 (53.8)
3.997 (2.537, 6.295)
0.000
No
77 (17.7)
358 (82.3)
1
Family history of mental illness
Yes
20 (66.7)
10 (33.3)
7.642 (3.473, 16.814)
0.000
No
106 (20.7)
405 (79.3)
1
Recent violence from intimate partner
Yes
37 (59.7)
25 (40.3)
6.485 (3.715, 11.322)
0.000
No
89 (18.6)
390 (81.4)
1
Marital satisfaction
Not satisfied
102 (67.1)
50 (32.9)
31.025 (18.190, 52.917)
0.000
Satisfied
24 (6.2)
365 (93.8)
1
Social support level
Poor
55 (50)
55 (50)
25.300 (12.141, 52.719)
0.000
Moderate
61 (36.3)
107 (63.7)
14.423 (7.121, 29.215)
0.000
Strong (good)
10 (3.8)
253 (96.2)
1
Substance use by mother
Yes
12 (57.1)
9 (42.9)
4.749 (1.952, 11.550)
.001
No
114 (21.9)
406 (78.1)
1
Substance use by husband
Yes
27 (28.4)
68 (71.6)
1.392 (0.845, 2.291)
0.194
No
99 (22.2)
347 (77.8)
1
Note: value of less than 0.05, value of less than 0.25, and greater than 0.05 in bivariate analysis, “1” reference group.
