Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Depression among Prisoners: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 2

Subgroup analysis for the meta-analysis of the prevalence of depression among prisoners.

Subgroups	No. of studies	Prevalence (%)	95% CI	Heterogeneity within the study (I^2 and Q)		Heterogeneity between groups ( value)
				value	(%)
Study design
Cohort	4	45.6	12.8-82.8	415.472	92.278	<0.001
Case-control	1	88.0	68.2-96.2	0.00	0.00
Cross-sectional	27	33.9	23.8-45.8	7575.659	99.657
Country
Developed	14	33.1	23.7-44.0	1366.316	99.049	<0.001
Developing	18	39.2	27.6-52.2	2339.710	99.273
Tools used to assess depression
Diagnostic tool	14	19.1	15.0-23.9	815.867	98.407	<0.001
Screening tool	19	54.0	43.8-63.9	954.901	98.220