Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Associated Factors among Khat Chewers in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Table 5

Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression factors associated with anxiety among khat chewers in Amhara region, 2019.

Variables	Anxiety		COR ()	AOR ()
	Yes	No
Age
18-24	33	55	0.97 (0.58–1.69)	0.29 (0.61-3.81)
25–30	84	139	0.71 (0.38-1.32)	0.38 (0.88-1.63)
31–35	38	44	0.51 (0.26–1.03)	0.32 (0.72-1.39)
36–40	28	24	1.20 (0.41–3.50)	0.23 (0.52–1.03)
41–45	6	12	1.20 (0.38–3.82)	0.55 (0.99-3.07)
>45	5	10	1.00	1.00
Marital status
Not married before	107	168	1.64 (0.93-2.91)	1.47 (0.77-2.08)
Married	58	88	1.57 (0.85-2.91)	1.79 (0.90–3.52)
Married before	29	28	1.00	1.00
Educational status
Unable to read & write	5	10	1.11 (0.36-3.43)	1.38 (0.38-4.43)
Can read & write	13	24	1.03 (0.48–2.18)	0.86 (0.36-2.05)
Primary	45	61	0.75 (0.45–1.26)	0.71 (0.38-1.29)
Secondary	77	92	0.67 (0.23-1.04)	0.57 (0.33-0.97)
College and university	54	97	1.00	1.00
Occupation
Government	28	27	1.00	1.00
Private sector	46	66	1.49 (0.78–2.85)	2.51 (1.16-5.41)
Self-employed	77	101	1.36 (0.74–2.49)	1.87 (0.91-3.85)
Industries	3	3	1.04 (0.19-5.59)	1.18 (0.18-7.46)
Day laborer	7	8	1.1 9 (0.38-3.72)	1.68 (0.46-6.15)
Jobless	32	79	2.56 (1.31–5.00)	3.78 (1.61-8.55)
Monthly income in birr
<1000	80	119	1.89 (0.71-5.01)	2.38 (0.74-7.700)
1001-5000	84	131	1.94 (0.73-5.10)	3.24 (1.03-10.13)
5001-10000	20	24	1.50 (0.49-4.52)	3.45 (0.97-12.21)
>10000	10	10	1.00	1.00
Dependency level
Yes	146	61	2.48 (1.57-3.38)	2.47 (1.57-3.81)
No	133	138	1.00	1.00
Family history of khat chewing
Yes	55	103	1.44 (0.97–2.14)	1.31 (0.84-2.02)
No	139	181	1.00	1.00
Duration of khat chewing in years
1-5	63	107	1.00	1.00
6-10	75	107	0.84 (0.55-1.29)	0.71 (0.43-1.19)
11-15	37	43	0.68 (0.39-1.17)	0.67 (0.34-1.29)
16-20	14	20	0.84 (0.39-1.78)	0.77 (0.29-2.07)
>20	5	7	0.82 (0.25-2.71)	0.75 (0.17-3.32)
Amount of khat in grams
25-50	91	115	1.00	1.00
51-100	78	129	1.09 (0.61-1.97)	1.32 (0.82-2.02)
>100	25	40	1.06 (0.64-1.72)	1.21 (0.61-2.41)
Number of days spent per week
Daily	99	176	4.0 (1.68-9.53)	4.11 (1.59-10.62)
4-6 days	29	39	3.02 (1.16-7.91)	3.65 (1.28-10.42)
2-3 days	48	61	2.86 (1.15-7.14)	3.56 (1.32-9.78)
Once	18	8	1.00	1.00
History of chronic illness
Yes	17	46	2.01 (1.12-3.63)	2.42 (1.54-5.32)
No	177	238	1.00	1.00

N.B. , , and ; COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio.