Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Associated Factors among Khat Chewers in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Table 6

Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression factors associated with depression among chronic khat chewers in the Amhara region, 2019.

Variables	Depression		COR ()	AOR ()
	Yes	No
Resident
Rural	12	18	1.00	1.00
Small town	37	88	1.68 (0.73-3.86)	1.76 (0.71-4.39)
Urban	82	241	2.08 (0.95-4.53)	2.36 (0.99-5.61)
Educational status
Unable to read & write	7	8	0.46 (0.16-1.33)	0.68 (0.21-2.18)
Can read & write	9	28	1.24 (0.54–2.84)	1.30 (0.55-3.10)
Primary	21	85	1.61 (0.89–2.92)	1.64 (0.88-3.04)
Secondary	51	118	0.92 (0.57-1.49)	0.88 (0.53-1.44)
College and university	43	108	1.00	1.00
Substance dependency status
Yes	41	156	2.71 (1.01–7.23)	6.28 (1.67-23.61)
No	80	191	1.00	1.00
Family history of khat chewing
Yes	35	123	1.51 (0.97–2.35)	1.55 (0.98-2.43)
No	96	224	1.00	1.00
Duration of khat chewing in years
1-5	51	119	1.00	1.00
6-10	50	132	1.13 (0.71-1.79)	1.15 (0.71-1.88)
11-15	23	57	1.06 (0.59-1.91)	1.12 (0.60-2.08)
16-20	4	30	3.21 (1.08-9.59)	2.94 (0.94-9.19)
>20	3	9	1.28 (0.33-4.950)	1.24 (0.29-5.14)
Amount of khat in grams
25-50	49	157	1.00	1.00
51-100	66	141	0.67 (0.43-1.03)	0.63 (0.39-0.99)
>1000	16	49	0.97 (0.49-1.830)	0.78 (0.39-1.57)
History of chronic illness
Yes	10	53	2.18 (1.07-4.43)	2.63 (1.25-5.56)
No	121	294	1.00	1.00
Drinking alcohol
Yes	88	230	0.96 (0.63-1.47)	0.65 (0.32-1.53)
No	48	117	1.00	1.00

N.B. , , and ; COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio.