Biphasic Effect of Phyllanthus emblica L. Extract on NSAID-Induced Ulcer: An Antioxidative Trail Weaved with Immunomodulatory Effect

Table 2

eAE on ulcer index.

Groups	Ulcer index (damage score) days of ulceration
	1	2	3	4	7
Sham treated	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ulcerated untreated	1.667^∗,#,h,j ± 0.577	2.33^∗,#,h,j± 0.577	3.33^∗,#,h,j± 0.58	3.0^∗,#,h,j± 1.0	1.3^∗,#,h,j± 0.58
eAE (120 mg/kg)	2.0 ± 0.00	3.0 ± 1.00	4.0 ± 0.00	3.667 ±0.58	2.667 ± 0.577
eAE (100 mg/kg)	1.667 ± 0.577	2.667 ± 0.574	3.67 ± 0.58	3.33 ± 0.577	2.33 ± 0.5774
eAE (80 mg/kg)	1.333 ± 0.577	2.0 ± 0.00	3.0 ± 1.0	2.67 ± 0.58	1.667 ± 0.58
eAE (70 mg/kg)	0.667^a ± 0.289	1.33^a ± 0.58	1.33^aaa ± 0.60	1.0^a ± 0.00	0.667^a ±0.289
eAE (60 mg/kg)	0.667^a,## ± 0.29	.816^aaa,####±0.764	0.83^aaaa,####±0.28	0.667^aa,###±0.289	0.5^a,###± 0.00
eAE (50 mg/kg)	1.333^a ± 0.577	1.667^a± 0.58	2.67^a ± 0.574	2.33^a ± 1.155	1.67^a ± 0.577
eAE (40 mg/kg)	1.7^a± 0.58	2.33^a ± 0.58	3.3^a ± 0.60	3.3a± 0.68	2.4^a ± 0.577
Omeprazole(3 mg/kg)	0.833 ± 0.288	1.33 ± 0.60	2.33 ±0.58	2.0±1.0	1.667 ± 0.1638

The values are mean (𝑛=8) and (±) indicates S.D..^∗𝑃<.001 when compared to the ShamTreated; ^a𝑃>.05, ^aa𝑃<.05, ^aaa𝑃<.01, ^aaaa𝑃<.001 when compared to ulcerated untreated; ^#𝑃>.05, ^##𝑃<.05, ^###𝑃<.01, ^####𝑃<.001 when compared to eAE (120 mg/kg); ^h𝑃>.05 when compared to eAE (100 mg/kg);^j𝑃>.05 when compared to eAE (80 mg/kg) treated group.