Safety of Herbal Medicinal Products: Echinacea and Selected Alkylamides Do Not Induce CYP3A4 mRNA Expression

Table 2

Induction of CYP3A4 gene expression in HepG2 cells by Echinaforce and its alkylamides.

Treatment	Concentration	Relative CYP3A4 mRNA expression^a	(±) SE
Rifampicin	50 𝜇M	3.83	1.39
Echinaforce	1.16 𝜇g mL^−1	1.16	1.03
	11.6 𝜇g mL^−1	1.09	0.44
	22 𝜇g mL^−1	1.08	0.28
Alkylamide 1	1.62 nM	1.03	0.69
	44 nM	1.07	0.19
Alkylamide 2	1.62 nM	1.11	0.44
	44 nM	0.95	0.52
Alkylamide 3	1.62 nM	0.98	0.46
	44 nM	1.11	0.60
Alkylamide 4	1.62 nM	1.08	0.22
	44 nM	0.87	0.34

The cells were treated for 96 h, changing the test substance containing medium every 24 h. Values are the average of three independent experiments ± SE.
^aFold increase over the vehicle control.