Gastroprotective Effect of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale) Extract: Role of Gallic Acid and Cinnamic Acid in H⁺, K⁺-ATPase/H. pylori Inhibition and Anti-Oxidative Mechanism

Table 5

Characteristic biochemical tests for H. pylori.

Tests	Results
Urease	+ve
Catalase	+ve
Oxidase	+ve
Gram staining	Gram negative
Motility	Motile
Colony characteristic	White mucilage type
Antibiotics
Erythromycin	Resistant
Nalidixic acid	Resistant
Polymixin	Resistant
Penicillin	Resistant
Vancomycin	Resistant
Amoxicillin	Susceptible
Clarithromycin	Susceptible
Metronidazole	Susceptible

Helicobacter pylori obtained from endoscopic excision was subjected to various biochemical tests to confirm the identity of isolated bacteria as H. pylori. Gram staining, enzyme analysis and morphological analysis as well as antibiotic resistance/susceptibility were included in the tests for characterization of H. pylori.