Inhibitory Effects of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Andrographis paniculata on NF-κB Trans-Activation Activity and LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation in Mice
Table 2
Effects of AP EtOAc extract on levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in serum and peritoneal exudates macrophages at 6 h in BALB/c mice treated with LPS.
Groups
TNF-α (pg ml−1)
IL-6 (ng ml−1)
IL-12p40 (ng ml−1)
MIP-2 (ng ml−1)
NO (μM)
Serum
2 h
PBS
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
LPS
2325 ± 504
167 ± 14.2
11.5 ± 2.38
140.6 ± 5.3
n.d.
PDTC
737 ± 174*
161 ± 15.8
3.57 ± 0.71*
64.1 ± 3.0*
n.d.
AP1
1175 ± 113*
200 ± 52.0
10.7 ± 1.03
73.8 ± 3.5*
n.d.
AP2
1150 ± 96*
136 ± 11.7
9.84 ± 1.16*
86.8 ± 4.7
n.d.
AP3
2647 ± 1292
145 ± 11.5
2.01 ± 0.35*
110.3 ± 8.0
n.d.
6 h
PBS
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
LPS
660 ± 62
295 ± 38.3
23.7 ± 2.66
34.4 ± 3.1
234 ± 34.8
PDTC
403 ± 38*
148 ± 30.6
11.7 ± 0.80*
24.0 ± 2.6
192 ± 33.8
AP1
483 ± 31
110 ± 30.6
24.1 ± 2.30
15.1 ± 5.5
85 ± 5.30*
AP2
400 ± 32*
231 ± 35.3
19.3 ± 1.97
28.7 ± 2.9
101 ± 17.5*
AP3
434 ± 55
333 ± 51.5
18.7 ± 2.08
27.7 ± 5.6
310 ± 34.4
Peritoneal macrophages
6 h
PBS
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
LPS
158 ± 13
37.9 ± 7.3
40.4 ± 6.7
14.4 ± 1.0
53.3 ± 1.7
PDTC
89 ± 6.1*
30.6 ± 6.9
31.2 ± 5.1
6.7 ± 0.8*
22.7 ± 4.7*
AP1
102 ± 12
53.5 ± 7.5
40.0 ± 4.0
13.6 ± 1.3
39.7 ± 4.0*
AP2
89 ± 6.1*
41.4 ± 8.9
24.8 ± 2.7*
6.3 ± 0.5*
33.4 ± 4.6*
AP3
238 ± 53
17.3 ± 3.0
30.2 ± 4.5
7.6 ± 1.0
24.5 ± 4.3*
The mice were divided into the following treatment groups: LPS group; PDTC group; AP1 group, a dose of 0.78 mg kg−1 BW AP; AP2 group, a dose of 1.56 mg kg−1 BW AP; AP3 group, a dose of 3.12 mg kg−1 BW AP. Treatments were administrated orally 7 days before LPS challenge (15 mg kg−1, i.p.). Data are expressed as mean ± SD of eight mice. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test (significant as compared with LPS alone, * P < .05). n.d.: not detectable.
