Research Article

Caffeoylquinic Acids Are Major Constituents with Potent Anti-Influenza Effects in Brazilian Green Propolis Water Extract

Figure 2

The antiviral effect of PWE and its components in MDCK cells infected with influenza A virus. Cell viability is plotted as a function of the concentration of applied sample (μg/mL). Results are presented as mean value ± standard deviation; . and in comparison to 0 μg/mL.
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(a) WPE
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(b) Chlorogenic acid
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(c) 3,4-diCQA
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(d) 3,5-diCQA
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(e) 4,5-diCQA
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(f) 3,4,5-triCQA
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(g) caffeic acid
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(h) quinic acid