Utilization of 3-Month Yoga Program for Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Post-intervention changes in the major outcomes ().
Yoga ()
Education ()
z
P-value
Effect size
Baseline
3 months
Change
Baseline
3 months
Change
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Weight (Ib)
175.5 (30.0)
174.7 (29.8)
−0.79
188.4 (28.8)
189.4 (29.4)
1.02
−1.385
.166
−0.53
BP (mmHg)
Systolic
119.3 (14.3)
114.1 (7.7)
−5.17
115.7 (15.9)
119.3 (13.9)
3.60
−1.519
.129
−0.62
Diastolic
68.7 (8.3)
69.3 (9.0)
0.58
68.9 (9.5)
72.6 (7.5)
3.70
−0.925
.355
−0.35
Fasting glucose level
90.1 (11.5)
92.8 (11.7)
2.75
91.2 (13.9)
95.8 (10.8)
4.60
−0.396
.692
−0.20
Insulin
10.5 (5.8)
8.1 (5.7)
−2.42
9.8 (5.3)
9.9 (7.4)
0.01
−0.799
.424
−0.34
Lipid panel
Total cholesterol
209.8 (33.6)
193.3 (32.1)
−16.50
198.8 (46.5)
187.6 (34.1)
−11.20
−0.726
.468
−0.22
Triglycerides
120.5 (41.3)
109.0 (46.6)
−11.50
98.3 (48.1)
114.3 (47.9)
16.00
−1.914
.056
−0.91
LDL-C
130.3 (35.2)
117.8 (33.9)
−12.41
126.1 (46.8)
116.0 (32.2)
−10.10
−0.132
.895
−0.10
HDL-C
60.3 (10.1)
56.6 (12.8)
−3.75
57.0 (15.3)
51.4 (11.8)
−5.60
−0.298
.766
0.24
Exercise self-efficacy
43.9 (23.2)
57.9 (23.0)
13.97
52.5 (30.5)
49.2 (23.7)
−3.33
−1.583
.114
0.80
Change is from baseline to 3 months. One participant in the education group was excluded from data analysis because she was on special diet for weight loss.
